Hampi ku India - mabwinja odziwika ku Vijayanagara wakale

Send

Hampi, India ndi malo ampatuko ofunikira kwambiri osati kwa okonda mapangidwe akale okha, komanso kwa okhulupilira achihindu. Imodzi mwa malo odziwika bwino komanso okaona malo odzaona alendo m'dziko lonseli.

Zina zambiri

Hampi ndi mudzi wawung'ono womwe uli m'mbali mwa Mtsinje wa Tungabhadra (kumpoto kwa Karnataka). Kuchokera mumzinda wa Bangalore, likulu la boma lino, amasiyanitsidwa ndi pafupifupi 350 km, komanso malo ogulitsira a Goa - 25 km zochepa. Umodzi mwa malo akale kwambiri ku India ndiwotchuka chifukwa chakukhala ndi zokopa zambiri, zambiri zomwe zili m'ndandanda wa UNESCO World Heritage List. Ngakhale adakhalako kwanthawi yayitali, ambiri mwa iwo adasungidwa bwino mpaka pano, ngakhale pali ena omwe pamakhala miyala yokha yosema mwaluso. Mwa njira, anthu akumaloko amayang'anitsitsa malo awo, chifukwa chake zipilala zina zili panjira yobwezeretsa.

Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakugwerani mukamayandikira Hampi ndi miyala yayikulu yomwe imwazikana m'derali, komanso minda yayikulu ya mpunga, komwe ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amagwira ntchito. Mwambiri, moyo m'mudzi uno wakhalabe wofanana ndendende ndi zaka zambiri zapitazo. Amuna amasodza m'mabwato ofanana a nsungwi monga makolo awo, akazi amasamalira ana ndi ntchito zapakhomo, ndipo amwendamnjira "amagogoda rapids" akachisi akale achihindu operekedwa kwa milungu yosiyanasiyana. Amakhalanso ndi Phwando la Vijayanagar lapachaka komanso mipikisano yayikulu yokwera, yomwe imasonkhanitsa othamanga kwambiri ochokera konsekonse ku India.

Zolemba zakale

Mbiri ya mudzi wotchuka ndi yolumikizana kwambiri ndi Vijayanagara, likulu lakale la Vijayanagar Empire, pamabwinja omwe adamangidwadi. Chifukwa chake, zipilala zonse, zomwe ndizodzitamandira osati mudzi wokhawo, komanso India yense, sizili chabe gawo la mzinda wakale womwe udalipo zaka zoposa 400 zapitazo (kuyambira 1336 mpaka 1565). Panthawiyo, dzikolo lidagawika maufumu angapo, omwe, monga nyumba zamakhadi, adakakamizidwa ndi asilamu achisilamu. Vijayanagra idakhala boma lokhalo lachi India lomwe lingapereke chilango choyenera kwa mdani. Kuphatikiza apo, idatha kupulumuka ngakhale nthawi ya Delhi Sultanate, yotchuka chifukwa chamalingaliro osayanjanitsika kwa oimira Chihindu.

Popita nthawi, mzindawu udakula ndikulimba kotero kuti udakwanitsa kulanda gawo lonse lakumwera kwa India, komanso kukhala umodzi mwamalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ma diamondi mu bazaar amzindawu anali kugulitsidwa mu kilogalamu, nyumba zachifumu zinali zodzaza ndi golide woyenga bwino, ndipo misewu idakongoletsedwa ndi akachisi okongola, ziboliboli za milungu yachihindu komanso minda yokongola yamaluwa, kuti makonzedwe omwe omanga akumaloko amasintha bedi lamtsinje.

Ngakhale pamenepo, mzaka za m'ma 14-16, munali njira zonyansa ndi madzi ku Vijayanagra, ndipo mzindawo umatetezedwa ndi gulu lankhondo la 40,000 ndi njovu zankhondo 400, omwe malupanga awo akuthira malupanga. Asayansi akuti panthawi yachisangalalo, dera la likulu la Vijayanagar linali lokwana 30 mita mita. Km, ndipo anthu anafika 500 zikwi. Nthawi yomweyo, adakhazikika pamalingaliro ena: olemera komanso oyandikira mfumu, oyandikira kwambiri pakati.

Koma zonsezi zidazimiririka pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Talikot, yomwe asitikali akumaloko adataya kwa asilamu. Pambuyo pa nkhondoyi, mabwinja okhaokha, omwazikana pamtunda wa makilomita 30, adatsalira muufumu womwe kale unali wamphamvu komanso wolemera.

Kodi mukuwona chiyani ku Hampi lero?

Hampi ali ndi zokopa zingapo zapadera zomwe zingatenge masiku osachepera awiri kuti mufufuze. Ife, mkati mwa chimango cha nkhaniyi, tifotokoza zazikulu zokha.

Kachisi wa Virupaksha

Kuyang'ana zithunzi za Hampi (India) m'mabuku azoyendera alendo, muyenera kuti mwawona nyumba yayikulu yokongoletsedwa ya Lord Shiva. Sikuti ndi chachikulu chabe, komanso chipilala chakale kwambiri chomwe chidalipo mu Ufumu wa Vijayanagar. Alendo obwera kukachisi, khomo lomwe likuwonetsedwa ndi gopuram (chipata) chachikulu, amalonjeredwa ndi mulungu wamkazi atakhala ngati njovu. Akupatsani puja ndikudalitsani chifukwa chochita bwino.

Mosiyana ndi gopuram ina yaku India, chipata cha kachisi wa Virupaksha chimadzaza ndi ziboliboli za mitundu yonse ya milungu yaku India, komanso zowonetsa zolaula. Dera la zovuta ndizovuta pamlingo wake. Kuphatikiza pa malo opatulikawo, pali dziwe losambira, khitchini ndi zipinda zachifumu. Mtsinje wa Tungabhadra ukuyenda pansi pa nyumbayi, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi mkazi wa Virupaksha, Pampa.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19. kachisi adakonzedweratu. Pakadali pano, chaka chilichonse amalandira amwendamnjira ambiri omwe amabwera kuchokera ku India konse. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha alendo chikuwonedwa mu Disembala, pomwe mwambo wachikwati wachikhalidwe umachitikira ku Hampi.

Kachisi wa Vittala

Kachisi wa Vittala, womwe uli pafupi ndi msika wam'mudzimo woperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkulu Vishnu, amadziwika kuti ndi wokongola kwambiri m'mabwinja a Vijayanagar. Chofunikira kwambiri pakachisi uyu ndikuyimba kwa mizati, yopanga manotsi onse 7 osayipa kuposa chida chilichonse (pali 56 a iwo). Zipinda zamkati zamalo opatulika ndizokongoletsedwa ndi anthu oimba komanso ovina osazolowereka, ndipo imodzi mwa holoyo, yotchedwa Hall of the Hundred Columns, idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zikondwerero. Asayansi akuti m'mbuyomu, Vittala komanso galeta lomwe linali patsogolo pake adalipaka utoto wopangidwa ndi mchere, womwe umawateteza ku dzuwa ndi mvula. Mwina ndichifukwa chake nyumba zonse ziwiri zidapulumuka mpaka lero.

Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi

Galeta lamiyala

Galeta Lamwala kapena Galeta Yamiyala kwakhala chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri cha Hampi. Yapangidwira kayendedwe ka milungu yayikulu, idapangidwa kuchokera pamiyeso payokha - ndipo molondola komanso mwaluso kotero kuti zolumikizira pakati pamiyala sizingasiyanitsidwe. Mawilo a quadriga ali ngati mawonekedwe a lotus ndipo amatha kuzungulira mozungulira mozungulira. Malinga ndi nthano ina yakomweko, aliyense amene adatha kupota magiyawa adapeza ukadaulo wachipembedzo. Komabe, zaka zingapo zapitazo iwo analemba molondola, kuyesera kuteteza osati kokha kwa alendo chidwi, komanso otentheka achipembedzo. Galeta Lamwala limanyamulidwa ndi njovu zopatulika, zomwe kukula kwake kumakhala kocheperako kuposa katundu amene wapatsidwa.

Monolith waku Narasimha

Hampi (India) wodziwika bwino ndi chifanizo cha 7 mita cha Narasimha, chosemedwa pamwala monolith mu 1673. Chodzipereka ku umunthu wotsatira wa Vishnu, fanoli likuyimira munthu wokhala ndi mutu wa mkango, womizidwa mumkhalidwe wakukhudzidwa kwambiri. Kuyambira kalekale amakhulupirira kuti monolith wa Narasimha ali ndi mphamvu zaumulungu ndipo amateteza okhala ku Vijayanagr pamavuto osiyanasiyana. Pazifukwa zina, Asilamu adasiya chosemacho chisanachitike, ndiye tsopano chili bwino.

Nyumba yachifumu ya Lotus

Mahal Lotus, omwe amafanana ndi mphukira yotseguka yotseguka theka, amadziwika kuti ndi nyumba yokongola kwambiri kotchedwa kotala ya akazi. Cholinga cha bwaloli lokongola sichikudziwika bwinobwino, koma zinali zachikhalidwe ndipo mwina zimapumulitsira azimayi aku khothi. Pakapangidwe ka nyumbayi, mutha kuwona zolinga zaku India komanso Aluya. Pansi ponse pa nyumbayo adapangidwa m'njira yoti mphepo imatha kuyenda mkati mwa nyumbayo, ndipo mutha kuwona zokopa zapadera zonyamula zotchinga pamwambapo pazenera.

Njovu yachifumu

Royal Elephant House, yomwe inali kunyumba ya njovu zachifumu zabwino kwambiri, ili ndi zipinda zazikulu za 11 zokhala ndi nyumba zazitali zachisilamu. Amakhulupirira kuti m'chipinda chapakati cha njovu munali oimba bwalo lamilandu, omwe anali oimba okha, komanso a elephanta omwe. Panali ngakhale zomangira zachitsulo zotetezedwa, zomwe nyama zoyenda zimamangiriridwa. Pafupi ndi makola pali dziwe ndi akasupe momwe njovu zotopa zimathetsa ludzu lawo.

Kachisi wanyani

Chidule cha zokopa zazikulu mumzinda wakale wa Hampi umamalizidwa ndi kachisi waung'ono wachihindu womwe uli pamwamba pa Matanga. Mutha kufikira pamenepo pamakwerero amiyala, omwe amwendamnjira amakonda kuyenda opanda nsapato. Kapangidwe kameneka, mwina, sikamasiyana ndi zinthu zina zambiri zomwazikana mdziko lonselo. Koma ndikhulupirireni, paliponse ku India mudzawona anyani ambiri achilengedwe komanso kulowa kwa dzuwa modabwitsa, komwe kumawoneka bwino chifukwa cha mabwinja amzindawu. Ndibwino kukwera phirili pambuyo pa 17:00 kutentha kukangotha.

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Momwe mungachokere ku Goa?

If you do not know how to get from North Goa to Hampi (India), ntchito imodzi mwa njira kutchulidwa.

Pa sitima

Alendo ambiri amakonda sitima yapamtunda, yomwe ili ndi zonse paulendo wabwino. Mutha kukwera m'malo awiri: Vasco Da Gama (ngati mukuyenda kuchokera kumpoto kwa Goa) ndi Margao (ngati mukumwera). Sitimayo ifika ku siteshoni ya Hospit nthawi ya masana. Kenako muyenera kukwera taxi kapena kukwera njinga yamoto yamoto. Tikiti yokhayo imawononga pafupifupi $ 20.

Zomwe zilipo pakadali pano zitha kuwonedwa patsamba lovomerezeka la Indian Railways www.indianrail.gov.in

Pa basi

Pali mabasi angapo wamba pakati pa Hampi ndi Goa, omwe ali ndi makampani osiyanasiyana. Ndege zimachokera ku Bangalore ndi Panaji Central Bus Station (usiku pa 19:00). Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zabwino kwambiri zimaperekedwa ndi Sleeper Bus, yokhala ndi mipando yopinda. Njira yopita kumudzi imatenga maola 8. Tikitiyo imawononga $ 7 mpaka $ 11, kutengera ndege. Ndikofunika kugula pa tsamba lovomerezeka la kampaniyo kapena kudzera pafoni ina. Kuofesi yamaulendo, matikiti ndiokwera mtengo kawiri.

Zolemba! Poyang'ana ndemanga za mamembala amsonkhanowu, onyamula odalirika akumaloko ndi Paulo Travels.

Pa galimoto yobwereka ndi dalaivala

Popanda kukokomeza, njira iyi ikhoza kutchedwa yotsika mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa muyenera kulipira $ 100 yamagalimoto ndi mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, misewu ku Goa ndiyowopsa, chifukwa chake msewu wochokera kudera lina kupita ku lina utenga nthawi yayitali.

Ndiulendo wopita

Ulendo wokonzedwa kuchokera ku Goa kupita ku Hampi (India) ndiye njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta. Basi yabwino yokhala ndi alendo imanyamuka madzulo. Ulendowu umatenga pafupifupi maola 7. Mtengo wa ulendowu, womwe umachokera pa $ 80 mpaka $ 110, umaphatikizapo kusamutsa, malo ogona mu hotelo ya 3 *, matikiti olowera kumatchalitchi onse, malo odyera chakudya cham'mawa ndi ntchito za wotsogolera waluso wolankhula Chirasha. Pulogalamuyi, yopangidwa kwamasiku awiri, imaphatikizaponso ulendo wopita mumzinda wakale wa Malyavantu ndikupita kukachisi wokongola woperekedwa kwa milungu yaku India.

Mmawa wotsatira mudzakumana pa phiri la Matanga, lomwe limapereka chiwonetsero chabwino cha malo ozungulira mudziwo (zithunzi zambiri zabwino zitha kujambulidwa m'mawa). Kenako mudzakumana ndi zipilala zingapo zachipembedzo ndi zomangamanga, kuyenda kudzera ku bazaar wakale, komanso kuyenda kwa njovu ndi malo osungira zakale zazing'ono zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa m'mbiri ya Ufumu wa Vijayanagar.

Malangizo Othandiza

Kupita ku Hampi, India, onani malingaliro a iwo omwe adayendera kale malowa:

Pali ma mini-hotelo ambiri m'mudzimo, chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kukhala pano kwakanthawi, simudzakhala ndi mavuto okhala ndi nyumba.
Zosankha zokhala ndi bajeti zambiri zili pagombe lamanzere la Tungabhadra. Komabe, pakadali pano, muyenera kuwoloka tsiku lililonse kupita kumanja ndi boti, yomwe imanyamuka mphindi 15-20 zilizonse, koma imangothamanga mpaka kulowa kwa dzuwa.
Alendo ambiri amasankha kukakhala ku Hospet, tawuni yaying'ono yomwe ili pamtunda wa 13 km kuchokera ku Hampi. Izi sizoyenera kuchita. Choyamba, kuyenda kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo kumatha kutenga khobidi lokongola. Chachiwiri, mudzimana mwayi wapadera wogona ndikudzuka mlengalenga.
Nthawi yabwino yochezera mudziwu ndi kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi, pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya ku India kumatsika mpaka 25-27 ° C. Mukabwera kuno pakati pa chilimwe, tengani madzi ambiri ndipo onetsetsani kuti muvale chipewa chowala - kukhala pafupi ndi ma monoliths otenthedwa ndi dzuwa kumakhala kosapiririka.
Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito pano-tuk, nthawi yomweyo lembani kutalika kwa ntchito ndi mtengo. Ma rickshaw amalipira $ 7 patsiku.

Mukapita ku Hampi, gulitsani zotsalira zambiri - chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa madambo, pali udzudzu wambiri pano.
Anthu aku India amalemekeza kwambiri miyambo ya makolo awo ndikutsatira malamulo okhazikitsidwa. Kuti musakhumudwitse aliyense, khalani odzichepetsa kwambiri m'misewu ndi m'matchalitchi.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yowonera zokopa zakomweko ndi njinga yamoto. Kulipira ndi mafuta kumawononga $ 3-3.5. Kumbuyo kwanu mutha kuyika wowongolera wakomweko - akuwonetsani njira ndikukuwongoletsani m'malo owoneka bwino komanso osangalatsa.
Koma ndi bwino kukana njinga, makamaka kwa iwo omwe sali bwino. Malowa m'mudzimo ndi mapiri, pali mthunzi wachilengedwe pang'ono - zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Monga ku North Goa, simungalowe m'malo otseguka a Hampi ndi nsapato zanu - kuti musatenge bowa, tengani masokosi anu.