St Stephen's Cathedral Vienna: Manda a Manda ndi Habsburg Crypt

St Stephen's Cathedral ndiye malo achipembedzo ku Vienna, komwe kwakhala chizindikiro chosatsutsika cha likulu ndi Austria yonse. Kachisiyu amaphatikiza zokongoletsa zake zakunja ndi zamkati nthawi yomweyo masitaelo awiri amapangidwe - Romanesque ndi Gothic, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zopambana kwambiri pazomangamanga zakale. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe ndi zomanga za nyumbayo mu Cathedral ya St.

St Stephen's Cathedral ku Austria ili ku Old Town ku Stephansplatz, mkati mwa zochitika za alendo. Maso, omwe mpweya wake umatha kutalika kwa 136 m kutalika, amawoneka bwino kwambiri m'malo ambiri apakati pa mzindawu. Ndipo mkati, mlendo aliyense ali ndi mwayi wongoyang'ana kukongola kokongoletsedwako, komanso kukwera padenga lazowonera ndikusinkhasinkha za kukongola kwa Vienna wakale kuchokera kuwona kwa mbalame. Koma kuti muwone kufunika kwa tchalitchichi, kuyang'ana mwachidule pamapangidwe ake ndi zokongoletsera sikokwanira: ndikofunikira kufufuza m'mbiri ya nyumbayi ndikuwonetsa zochitika zazikulu.

Nkhani yayifupi

Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa Cathedral ya St. Pakati pa zaka za zana la 12, ku Vienna kunali mipingo inayi yokha, ndipo umodzi wokhawo udalandira amipingo. Likulu likufunika mwachangu nyumba ya amonke yatsopano, chifukwa chake aboma adaganiza zomanga tchalitchi chachikulu kunja kwa mpanda wamzindawu. Kudzipereka kwa tchalitchiko kunachitika kale mu 1147, koma akukhulupirira kuti pofika nthawiyo nyumbayo inali isanamangidwenso. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 13th, kukulira kwakukulu kwa tchalitchi chachikulu kudayamba: gawo lina la khoma lakumadzulo, lopangidwa nthawi imeneyo mumachitidwe achiroma, lilipobe mpaka pano. Mu 1258, moto udabuka mu tchalitchimo, wowoneka ngati wopanda pake, popeza pofika 1263 udabwezeretsedwanso.

Zikuoneka kuti mu 1304, chifukwa cha zopereka za a Duke Albert II, zidatheka kuyambitsa ntchito yomanga gawo lakummawa kwa tchalitchi chachikulu. Kutsegulidwa kwakukulu kwa Albert Choirs odziwika kunachitika mu 1340. Pafupifupi zaka zana limodzi, South Tower ya kachisiyo idamangidwa, yomwe kwa nthawi yayitali idawonedwa kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri ku Europe. Koma North Tower, yokonzedweratu ndi South, sinamalizidwe. Mu 1511, yomanga idawundana chifukwa cha kuwopsa kwa Ottoman, chifukwa chake magulu onse ankhondo adaponyedwa pamakoma amzindawo. Mu 1711, belu lolemera kwambiri ku cathedral ku Austria, Pummerin, lidakhazikitsidwa ku North Tower, lolemera matani 21.

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, tchalitchichi chidatha kupirira osavulala kwambiri, koma panthawi yomwe Soviet idachita nkhondo mu 1945, owononga nyumba adayatsa masitolo pafupi ndi kachisiyo. Malawiwo adasamutsidwira ku tchalitchichi, chifukwa chake denga lake lidawotchera, zinthu zambiri zamtengo wapatali ndi zojambulajambula zidawonongedwa, ndipo belu lochokera ku North Tower lidagwa. Ndi thandizo lazachuma la mabungwe aboma, nyumbayo idabwezeretsedwanso m'zaka 7, ndipo mu 1952 kutsegulidwa kwake kwakukulu kudachitika, kodziwika ndikubwerera kopambana kwa belu kumene.

Kubwezeretsanso tchalitchichi ku Austria mpaka lero. Zowonongeka zomwe zidachitika pakachisi panthawi yamoto zikuwoneka bwino masiku ano m'makoma ake akunja. Komabe, kumangidwanso kwa nyumbayi kukuyenda bwino: chaka chino chiwalo chokonzedwa ndi moto chikuyenera kubwerera ku tchalitchichi. Komanso m'zaka zikubwerazi, akukonzekera kukonzanso North Tower yake.

Zomangamanga ndi zokongoletsera zamkati

Stephen's Cathedral ku Vienna ku Austria ndipadera pamapangidwe ake, kuwonetsa kuphatikiza kwa masitaelo, omwe amathandizidwa makamaka ndi zaka zomangamanga ndikukula. Kachisiyu, womangidwa ndi miyala yamiyala, amakhala ndi malo opitilira 4200 m². Kunja, imakongoletsedwa ndi nsanja ziwiri - Kummwera (Steffi) ndi Kumpoto (Mphungu). Steffi wamangidwa kalembedwe ka Gothic, kutalika kwake ndi 136.4 m - ili ndiye gawo lokwera kwambiri. Mpweya wake uli ndi mphonje wokhala ndi chiwombankhanga chamutu ziwiri.

Poyamba, amisiri akale adakonza zomanga North Tower mofananira ndi South Tower. Koma chifukwa cha kuukira kwa Ottoman, sikunamalizidwe. Mwala womaliza udayikidwa mu Eagle Tower mu 1511, kenako, ataganiza zosamaliza nkhaniyi, idangokhala korona. Lero, kutalika kwa nyumbayi ndikopitilira 68 m, ndipo kukongoletsa kwake kwakukulu ndi belu lalikulu.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi denga losazolowereka la kachisiyo, lomwe limamangidwa paphompho (m'malo ena otsetsereka amafikira 80 °). Dengalo limatambasula mamita 111, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi mamita 38. Kupambana kwa denga kumakhala m'mapangidwe ake owoneka bwino, pakupanga komwe omangawo amagwiritsa ntchito matailosi enamel opitilira 230 zikwi. Kumbali yakumwera kwa denga, pali chithunzi chojambulidwa cha chiwombankhanga chamutu - chizindikiro cha Ufumu wa Habsburg.

Khomo lolowera ku Tchalitchi cha St. Stephen ku Vienna, lotchedwa Portal of the Giants, limakongoletsedwa ndi mabasi a oyera, zojambulajambula ndi ziweto. Dzinalo limalumikizidwa ndi fupa lalikulu lomwe limapezeka panthawi yomanga maziko a North Tower ndipo akuti ndi a chinjoka. M'malo mwake, anali fupa lalikulu, lomwe, mwa njira, silinalepheretse kuti likhale pazitseko zazikulu za amonke kwa zaka zambiri. Pamwamba polowera pali nsanja ziwiri zachi Roma zotalika 65 mita, zomwe, pamodzi ndi Portal of the Giants, zimawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo lakale kwambiri mu tchalitchi chachikulu.

Mkati, Tchalitchi cha St Stephen ndichopanda ulemu kuposa kunja. Makoma okwezekawa amagawa nyumbayo magawo atatu, pomwe maguwa (18 yonse) ndi mabenchi amipingo amakhazikitsidwa. Guwa lankulu lalikulu kwayala limapangidwa ndi miyala yamiyala yakuda ndikukongoletsedwa ndi zojambula za m'Baibulo. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu mu tchalitchi chachikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa ziboliboli ndi zojambula mkatikati. Chipilala chamtengo wapatali kwambiri cha kalembedwe ka Gothic chinali guwa lotseguka, lopangidwa mu 1515 ndikuwonetsa nkhope za aphunzitsi odziwika kutchalitchi.

Komanso, tchalitchi cha St. Stephen's Cathedral ku Austria ndichotchuka chifukwa cha mawindo ake magalasi aluso, owala modabwitsa padzuwa. Magalasi ambiri owonetsedwa ndimakope okha, ndipo zopangira zoyambirira zimasungidwa munyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale mumzinda. Ngakhale zili choncho, mawindo asanu oyambira magalasi oyambira m'zaka za zana la 15, akuwonetsa zochitika za m'Baibulo, adatsalira mu tchalitchi chachikulu. Ponena za kukongoletsa kwa kachisi, munthu sangalephere kutchula ziwalo zitatu zomwe zidapezeka mu tchalitchichi munthawi zosiyanasiyana. Chachikulu kwambiri pamitunduyi chili ndi mapaipi zikwizikwi ndipo ndi chiwalo chachikulu kwambiri ku Austria.

Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi

Manda a manda

Mpaka pakati pa zaka za zana la 18, tchalitchi cha St Stephen's Cathedral ku Austria chidazunguliridwa ndi manda ambiri, omwe adapatsidwa kwa a Austrian kuchokera ku Aroma. Nthawi zonse kunkaonedwa kuti ndi mwayi waukulu kuyikidwa m'manda pafupi ndi kachisiyu, komabe, osati olemekezeka okha, komanso anthu wamba m'matauni omwe adayikidwa m'mabwalo amatchalitchi. Mu 1735, mliri wa bubonic udayambika ku Vienna, chifukwa chake manda oyandikana ndi tchalitchi chachikulu adatsekedwa, ndipo zotsalira zoikidwa m'manda zidasamutsidwa kumanda omwe anali pansi pa kachisi. Mpaka lamuloli liperekedwe ku Vienna (1783) loletsa kuyikidwa m'manda kwa anthu mumzinda, maliro onse adakonzedwa m'ndende ya tchalitchi chachikulu. Lero, zotsala zoposa 11,000 zasungidwa mmenemo.

Kachisi wamkulu wa ku Austria ndiye malo omaliza opumira a mabishopu, atsogoleri ndi mafumu ambiri. Ndiko komwe kuli Habsburg crypt, komwe zotsalira za mamembala 72 a mzerawo zimasungidwa m'manda osema. Komanso mu tchalitchi muli manda a Frederick III, omwe adatenga zaka pafupifupi 45 kuti amange: bokosi limapangidwa ndi mwala wofiira, pomwe pamakhala zithunzi 240. Kuphatikiza apo, manda a Eugene waku Savoy, mtsogoleri wankhondo wamkulu ku Europe yemwe adapulumutsa a Habsburgs kuchokera kwa omwe agonjetsa aku France ndi Ottoman, akhazikitsidwa ku Cathedral ya St. Pakadali pano, aliyense atha kukayendera mandawo ngati gawo laulendo wolipira ndalama zina.

• Maola otseguka: Mon. - Sat. - kuchokera 10:00 mpaka 11:30 ndi 13:30 mpaka 16:30. Dzuwa. - kuchokera 13:30 mpaka 16:30.
• Mtengo woyendera: 6 €, tikiti ya ana - 2.5 €.
• Nthawi: Mphindi 30

Maofesi Owonerera

Masiku ano, mlendo aliyense ku Austria ali ndi mwayi wosangalala ndi malingaliro ochititsa chidwi a Vienna ochokera kumpoto kapena kumwera kwa Tower of St. Stephen's Cathedral. Mapulatifomu onsewa amapereka mawonekedwe apadera am'mizinda. Muyenera kukwera padoko lakuwona kumwera chakumtunda, ndikupambana masitepe 343.

• Maola otseguka: tsiku lililonse kuyambira 09:00 mpaka 17:30
• Mtengo woyendera: tikiti ya achikulire - 5 €, mwana - 2 €.

Kwa iwo omwe amawopa kukwera, North Tower, komwe kuli belu lodziwika bwino, ikhoza kukhala njira ina yowonera. Mutha kufikira pa chikepe, chomwe chingakutengereni mamita 50.

• Maola otseguka: tsiku lililonse kuyambira 09:00 mpaka 17:30
• Mtengo woyendera: akuluakulu - 6 €, ana - 2.5 €.

Zambiri zothandiza

• Adilesi ndi momwe mungafikire kumeneko: Stephansplatz 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria. Njira yabwino kwambiri yofikira ku tchalitchi chachikulu ndi kudzera pa metro. Sitimayi ya Stephansplatz ndi masitepe ochepa chabe kuchokera ku Tchalitchi cha St.Stephen ndipo imatha kufikiridwa pamizere ya U1 ndi U3.
• Maola ogwira ntchito: Mon. - kuyambira 09:00 mpaka 11:30 ndi 13:00 mpaka 16:30. - kuchokera 13:30 mpaka 16:30.
• Mtengo woyendera: ndiufulu. Ulendo wotsogozedwa ndi wowongolera kapena wowongolera amalipidwa mwakufuna kwawo. Mtengo - 6 €, kwa ana - 2.5 €. Kuwongolera kwamakalata kumaperekedwa m'zilankhulo 23, kuphatikiza Chirasha.

Ndikothekanso kugula tikiti Yonse Yophatikiza, yomwe imaphatikizaponso kuyendera malo onse owonera, manda a manda ndi tchalitchi chachikulu. Mtengo wa chiphaso chotere kwa akulu ndi 14.90 €, kwa ana - 3.90 €. Kupita kwa Vienna kudzawononga € 9.90.

Zosangalatsa

1. Wolemba wamkulu wa Austria, Wolfgang Mozart, adakwatirana ku Cathedral ya St. Stephen ku Vienna mu 1782, koma patatha zaka 9 maliro ake adachitikira kuno.

2. Popeza Tchalitchi cha St. Stephen ndichizindikiro cha Vienna ndi Austria, chithunzi chake chidasankhidwa ndalama zaku Austrian mchipembedzo cha masenti khumi.
3. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti matupi a mzera waufumuwo sanasungidwe m'malo obisika a Habsburg mu mpingo wa St. Stephen. Njira yoika m'manda yamfumu yachifumu inali yopanda tanthauzo: popeza adadziyika m'manda. Ziwalo zamkati zimachotsedwa m'mitembo ya womwalirayo, ndikuyikidwa m'mipando yapadera, yomwe imatumizidwa ku crypt ya Cathedral ya St. Stephen. Mitima ya a Habsburgs (ma urns 54) amakhala mu Mpingo wa Augustine mu "Crypt of Hearts". Matupi omwewo opanda ziwalo adayikidwa m'manda a Kapuzinerkirche.
4. Zonsezi, pali mabelu 23 ku Cathedral ya St. Stephen ku Vienna ku Austria. Aliyense wa iwo amachita ntchito yakeyake. Pummerin yatsopano, yomwe idapangidwa pambuyo pa nkhondo, imakhala yachiwiri kukula ku Europe, yachiwiri kokha ndi belu la Cologne Cathedral.

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Malangizo Othandiza

1. Kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi malo a Vienna's Gothic Cathedral ku Austria, tikulimbikitsa kuti tiyendere konsati yanyimbo
2. Kujambula zithunzi ku St Stephen's Cathedral ku Vienna sikoletsedwa, koma kupatula ndi manda a manda, komwe kujambula sikuletsedwa konse.
3. Ngakhale kuti South Tower ndiyokwera, alendo ambiri amati malingaliro abwino kwambiri akuchokera kumpoto kwa nsanja. Kukwera ku nsanja yakumwera kumachitika pamakwerero oyenda pang'ono, pomwe muyenera kudutsa masitepe opitilira 300, zomwe zingakhale zovuta kwa ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro ochokera papulatifomu yakumwera ndiwotheka kuchokera pazenera, pomwe pamzere wonsewo pamzere. Malo akumpoto akhazikitsidwa pamalo otseguka ndipo mawonedwe ake akuwoneka bwino kwambiri.
4. Tikukulangizani kuti musayang'ane tchalitchi masana okha, komanso madzulo, pamene magetsi owala ayatsa.
5. St Stephen's Cathedral ndi amodzi mwamalo omwe amapezeka ku Vienna, chifukwa chake mumakhala alendo ambiri nthawi zonse. Ngati mukufuna kupewa mizere ndi chisangalalo, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti mubwere kukachisi kudzatsegulidwa.

Onerani kanemayo: Bestattung. Funeral - Otto von Habsburg - Anklopfzeremonie - Kapuzinerkirche (June 2024).