Pangano la ngongole ndi chiyani
Pofunsira kubanki kuti akalandire ngongole kwa ogula, wobwereketsayo amatenga mbali zina, ndipo mgwirizano wa ngongole umakhala chikalata chachikulu chokhazikitsa ufulu ndi maudindo a omwe akukhudzidwa ndi zochitikazo.
Pangano la ngongole lili ndi zonse zofunika kubwereka: kukula kwa ngongole, nthawi yobwereketsa, chiwongola dzanja, kuchuluka kwamakomishoni ndi ndalama zowonjezera. Pali mfundo zofunika mu chikalatachi zomwe muyenera kuzimvera kaye.
Zimawononga ndalama zingati?
Mtengo wonse wa ngongole, malinga ndi zofunikira za malamulo apano, ziyenera kuwonetsedwa mgwirizanowu. Amakhala ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:
- Kuchuluka kwa ngongole;
- Kuchuluka kwa chiwongola dzanja;
- Kukula kwa mabungwe operekera, kutumizira ndi kulandira ndalama kuti abweze ngongole.
Wobwereketsayo akuyenera kuwonetsa kulipira kwathunthu kwa ngongole ndikuphatikizanso ngati cholumikizira pamgwirizano ndandanda wa kubweza, womwe umapereka kuchuluka kwa zolipira mokakamizidwa komanso masiku omwe amalipira. Wobwereka amatha kuwerengera ngongoleyo.
Tchulani pamgwirizano wamgwirizano tsiku lomwe chiwongola dzanja chindalama chimayamba. Ndikofunika kuti zigwirizane ndi tsiku lomwe ndalama zomwe adabwereka zidatchulidwa ku akaunti ya kasitomala, osati tsiku lomwe adasamutsidwa ndi banki. Mutha kuyesa kuvomerezana ndi banki kuti isinthe tsiku loperekera ndalama mokakamizidwa kuti lifanane ndi tsiku lomwe amalandila, ndipo zisadzabweretse mavuto ndi kuchedwa mwezi uliwonse.
Ngati mungapemphe ngongole yanyumba, ndibwino kuti muzidziwe bwino ndalama zomwe banki imapereka pochotsera ndalama ndi ntchito zandalama pasadakhale ndikufotokozera zomwe zimafunika kuti mupeze ngongole muyenera kulipidwa padera.
Ndalama zambiri zosangalatsa komanso zolipiritsa zitha kupezeka pamitengo ya banki. Nthawi zina, popereka ngongole, wobwereka amayenera kulipira nthawi pafupifupi 10% ya ndalama, ndipo amakakamizidwa kulipira chiwongola dzanja pa ngongole yonse. Kusunga ndi kutsegula akaunti ya ngongole ndiudindo wa banki yobwereketsa, koma akauntiyi ndiyofunikira pakuwongolera mkati, osati kwa wobwereka. Banki Yaikulu yaletsa kusonkhetsa ndalama kwa makasitomala kuti azisunga ndi kupanga maakaunti otere, koma nthawi zambiri mabanki amapitilizabe kutolera ndalama pamwezi.
Kodi ndizotheka kubweza ngongoleyo mwachangu?
Osati nthawi zonse panthawi yopereka ngongole, malingaliro okhudza kubweza msanga amawoneka, koma ndibwino kuti muziganiziriratu pasadakhale. Kulepheretsa kubweza ngongole koyambirira kuposa nthawi yomwe ikunenedwa kumatha kubweretsa mavuto ambiri. Kupatula apo, simudzatha kubweza ngongole yangongole mwachangu, kupanga zina, kukhala mwini wathunthu wa katundu amene mwapeza pa ngongole. Ngati mungaganize zothetsa mgwirizanowu nthawi isanakwane, mudzayenera kulipira banki chindapusa kapena ndalama zowonjezera, zomwe zimatha kufikira magawo angapo a ngongole.
Onetsetsani kuti banki sikuti ikutsutsana ndi kubweza ngongoleyo mwachangu komanso kuti mutha kubweza ndalamazo mwachangu kuti muzipulumutsa pamalipiro owonjezera.
Kodi mulipira ndalama zingati kuti mulipire mochedwa?
Gawo lina losangalatsa la mgwirizano wamalipiro limaperekedwa kuzilango zakuphwanya malamulo obwereka. Polephera kutsatira kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zikuperekedwa pakubweza komwe kubweza, banki imakhazikitsa mabungwe owonjezera tsiku ndi tsiku, omwe amachulukitsa chiwongola dzanja chomwe chapezeka panthawi yakuchedwetsa. Chiwongoladzanja ndi chiwongola dzanja chitha kuwerengedwa potengera kuchuluka kwa ngongole zonse kapena ngongole yonse, kapena kuchuluka kwa kubweza mochedwa. Ngati mutenga ngongole ya ndalama, onetsetsani kuti mwawona zambiri.
Pophwanya pang'ono ndalamazo, zambiri za izi zimalowa mgulu la ngongole, chifukwa chake perekani ndalama kwakanthawi komanso koyambirira kuposa tsiku loyenera. Kukula kwa zolipiritsa kuyeneranso kuphatikiza ndalama zolandila kapena zosamutsira ndalama. Ngati yatha masiku opitilira 10, banki imatha kuyamba njira yobweretsera ngongole yonse ndikupereka khothi. Lungitsani njira zochitira izi kuti mupewe zodabwitsa zina.
Zofunikira za wobwereka malinga ndi mgwirizano wamgwirizano zingaphatikizepo kufunikira kuti adziwitse banki zosintha zamtundu wa wobwereketsa: kusintha maukwati, kusintha dzina, malo okhala kapena adilesi yolembetsera, malo ogwirira ntchito, zambiri zamalumikizidwe, kuchuluka kwa ndalama ndi zina.
Polemba ndikuphunzira mgwirizano wamalipiro, palibe zovuta zomwe zitha kunyalanyazidwa. Mawu aliwonse, makamaka olembedwa ndi zilembo zing'onozing'ono, amatha kukhala othandiza pakuwunika phindu la ngongole.