Kufotokozera ndi zothandiza za kupangira nyumba begonia Fista. Kubzala ndi malangizo othandizira, chithunzi cha maluwa

Begonia ndi chomera chapadera. Amatha kutchedwa maluwa okongoletsera komanso okongoletsera. Ngakhale wolima dimba wosankha bwino azitha kupeza yabwino pakati pa mitundu yayikulu yamitundu. Mwa mitundu iyi, mutha kupeza zitsamba zofananira, ndi zitsamba, ndi zitsamba zazing'ono.

Begonia siyokongola kokha, komanso yothandiza. Choyamba, zimawonjezera chitetezo cha aliyense yemwe amakhala pafupi. Kachiwiri, imabwezeretsanso magwiridwe antchito ndikuchotsa kutopa. Chachitatu, amachepetsa nkhawa zamanjenje.

Mbiri yoyambira

Mtundu wa Begonia uli ndi mitundu pafupifupi 1400, zomwe zimapezeka m'malo otentha komanso otentha, makamaka m'nkhalango za South America, madera otentha a Asia, Madagascar, China ndi Sri Lanka. Maluwa amenewa amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Amadziwika ndi dzina lachifalansa Michel Begon, yemwe adakhala wokonzekera komanso kuthandizira ulendowu ku Antilles.

M'modzi mwa omwe akuyenda nawo Charles Plumier adalongosola mwatsatanetsatane za mbewu yomwe idapezeka. M'zaka za zana la 18, Begonia adabweretsedwa ku Europe. Popita nthawi, mitundu yatsopano yatsopano idabwera ku Europe, yomwe obereketsa adayamba kuchita nayo chidwi. Ndipo kale m'zaka za zana la 19, mitundu yambiri yazomera zopangidwa mwanzeru idayamba.

Patsamba lathu lawebusayiti mupeza zolemba zingapo zomwe zimafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane ndi malingaliro pakukula, kuberekana ndi kusamalira mitundu yazomera: Metallic, Mason, Rex, Bolivian, Griffith, Griffin, Sizolistnaya, Coral, Elatior, Barshevikolistnaya.

Kufotokozera kwa botanical

Begonia Fista ili ndi mafuta, masamba ozungulira, omwenso ndi akulu kwambiri, mpaka 15 cm kutalika komanso mpaka 12 cm mulifupi.

Zimayambira ndi zazifupi, koma mnofu ndi mphamvu, zobiriwira zobiriwira. Amamasula m'mapiko ang'onoang'ono a pinki, koma Fista ndiwofunika chifukwa cha masamba ake apadera. Mizu ya duwa ili yamphamvu ndipo ikukula mwachangu.

Maonekedwe akunyumba

Masamba akunja amakhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira wamkuwa, ndipo mkati mwake amakhala ndi utoto wofiyira (chifukwa cha ichi, Fistu nthawi zambiri amatchedwa wofiira). Begonia nthawi zonse amakula m'tchire lobiriwira kwambiri. Koma imakula m'malo mothinana. Chifukwa cha izi, duwa limawoneka bwino mumphika wawung'ono pamtondo.

Chithunzi

Kumanani ndi duwa pachithunzipa.

Zofunikira pofika

Chomera chaching'ono chiyenera kubzalidwa kamodzi pachaka (ndibwino kuti muchite izi mchaka, koma amathanso kuchitidwa mutatha maluwa ngati madetiwa sakugwirizana). Achikulire achikulire begonias amaikidwa pambuyo pa mizu kudzaza maluwa onse (izi zimachitika pafupifupi zaka 3-4 zilizonse).

Analimbikitsa nthaka kapangidwe: mchenga, peat, humus, tsamba ndi kuwaika nthaka. Muyenera kupeza chisakanizo chosasunthika komanso chopumira. Mphika umasankhidwa wotsika, koma kutambalala, chidebe chonsecho sichikuphimbidwa ndi dothi, koma amachita izi pomwe ma rhizomes amakula.

Ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa njira yokhazikitsira tsiku lotsatira mutathirira. Poterepa, musaiwale kumasula mizu m'nthaka yakale ndikuyiyika munjira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate yopewera matenda a fungal. Sambani mzuwo kuchokera ku mizu yakale ndi yodwala, ndikuwaza odulidwayo ndi makala opukutidwa.

Chonde dziwani kuti m'masiku 30 oyambirira "mutasamukira" mumphika watsopano, begonia imafunikira chidwi. Kuthirira maluwa m'mwezi woyamba ayenera kukhala masiku 5-6 alionse, ndikupopera madzi mwanjira iliyonse - tsiku lililonse. Tetezani chomera chozikidwa ku dzuwa.

Olima dimba ena amalimbikitsanso kuchotsa mphika wamaluwa pamalo otetemera popanda zolemba kwa masiku angapo, ndiye, zowonadi, kuubwezeretsanso pamalo ake enieni. Pakadutsa masiku 30, kudzakhala kofunika kuthirira nthaka ikadzauma. Popeza dothi limakhala lolinganizidwa nthawi zonse, musaiwale kulidzaza mpaka momwe mungafunire.

Akatswiri amalangiza kuti achepetse Fista pang'ono pambuyo pa kumuika kuti muchepetse malo omwe amatulutsa nthunzi komanso kuti akhale owoneka bwino.

Chisamaliro

Tinalemba kale pamwambapa kuti muyenera kuthirira chozizwitsacho kamodzi pamlungu. Koma tiyeni tifotokozere kuti njira yothirira iyi ndiyabwino nthawi yachilimwe, pomwe nthawi yozizira ndiyokwanira kuthira nthaka masiku aliwonse 10-14. Yesetsani kuti madzi asayandikire masambawo molunjika.

Chomeracho chimafuna chinyezi chamlengalenga chaka chonse. Pofuna kuti izi zitheke, nthawi zambiri perekani mpweya kuzungulira mphikawo kapena ikani chidebe chamadzi pafupi nawo. M'chilimwe, kutentha kwamlengalenga kuyenera kusinthasintha pakati pa 20-22 madigiri pamwamba pa zero. M'nyengo yozizira, chiwerengerochi chitha kutsika mpaka 16 digiri Celsius. Koma musalole kuti mpweya uziwotha osachepera madigiri 15, izi zingawononge maluwa.

Begonia imafuna malo owala bwino; kufalikira m'malo mowala dzuwa ndi koyenera. Popeza amatha kutentha masamba ndikuwasowetsa kuwala kwawo ndikukwanira. Koma ngakhale opanda kuwala, masambawo amayamba kufota. Ngati simungathe kuyatsa bwino, gwiritsani ntchito magetsi.

Fistu imafunika kudyetsedwa kamodzi pamasabata awiri, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira kamodzi pamwezi. Koma panthawi yamaluwa ndi kukula, yonjezerani pafupipafupi zakudya zowonjezera mpaka 3-4 pamwezi.

Pachifukwa ichi, feteleza zovuta zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimasungunuka ndi madzi kutentha. Nkhunda za nkhuku zimayeneranso kudyetsedwa (500 g imasungunuka m'malita 12 amadzi). Idzadzanso manyowa owola bwino (500 pa malita 5 amadzi).

Ndi bwino kusagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni: Masamba adzakhala onenepa, ndipo maluwa amachepetsa kapena kuimiratu. Olima minda amalangiza kudula masamba a nthochi, masamba a zipatso, zipatso za anyezi, phulusa, masamba a tiyi ndikuwonjezera zinthu izi panthaka.

Panthawi yogona, feteleza safunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kosowa kwambiri.Ngati Fista atulutsa masamba panthawiyi, musadandaule, koma ingodulani pamwamba pa duwa.

Sizingakhale zopepuka kunena kuti Begonia silingalolere kuwonongeka kwa gasi. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti musayike kukhitchini. Masamba a chomerachi ndi osalimba, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala mukamayendetsa.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

• Powdery mildew. Ichi ndi matenda a fungal omwe amawoneka nthawi yomwe condensation imayamba mu rhizome. Maluwa oyera amatenga masamba ndi zimayambira, pomwe masamba amataya mawonekedwe ndikuuma, masamba amakula, koma osatseguka. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, pewani mpweya bwino m'chipindacho, samalirani zowunikira. Musaiwale kuthirira manyowa, komanso onaninso oyandikana nawo a Begonias, bowa amathanso kuchoka kwa iwo.
• Wovunda waimvi (ena amatcha monilial burn). Matendawa ndi oyipa kuposa am'mbuyomu. Zowonadi, ndimatenda oterewa, mbali zonse za Begonia zimavutika, zomwe zimadzala ndi kufa kwake. Apa ndikofunikira kuzindikira vutolo munthawi yake ndikuchotsa malo omwe akhudzidwa kuti tipewe kuwola kuti kufalikire. Tengani magawo otsala athanzi ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi. Kutalikirana kwa njira zopewera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuyenera kukhala mwezi umodzi.
• Kuphatikiza pa sulfure, mizu yovunda imathanso kuwukira. Zizindikiro zakugonjetsedwa kwake ndi mizu ya bulauni kapena burgundy. Ngati izi sizikudziwika pakapita nthawi, matendawa amafalikira ku zimayambira. Njira yokhayo yolimbirana ndikuchotsa mizu yowonongeka. Vutoli limatha kupewedwa poyika ngalande yabwino mumphika.
• Chifukwa cha fumbi ndi dothi, mealybugs amatha kuwonekera pamasamba amkati. Kupewa mawonekedwe ake kumapangitsa kuti maluwawo akhale oyera.
• Ngati masambawo sadzaza ndi mitundu yowala, izi zikuwonetsa kuyatsa kokwanira. Ndipo nsonga zakuda zamasamba zikuwonetsa kusowa kwa chinyezi mumlengalenga kapena nthaka. Ngati simukugawa chakudya ndi kuwala, Begonia amangotsitsa masamba ake nthawi isanakwane.
• Tizirombo totsiriza pamndandanda wathu ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akangaude. Pa gawo loyambirira la zilondazo, mutha kuthana ndi yankho lachizolowezi la sopo. Ngati vutoli likukula kwambiri, padzafunika kupulumutsa chomeracho ndi yankho la fungicide.

Kubereka

Fista imaberekanso m'njira ziwiri: cuttings ndi masamba. Nthawi yoyenera kubereka ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, pomwe mbewu zimachokera ku dormancy.

Magawo a cuttings:

1. Dulani njira yayitali masentimita 6-9 ndikuitsitsa kuti ikhale njira yolimbikitsira kuyika bwino mizu, kapena kulowa m'madzi, koma kenako mapangidwe a mizu amakhala pang'onopang'ono.
2. Pambuyo pa mizu yoyamba, kudula kumabzalidwa mumphika, m'mimba mwake osapitirira masentimita 10, ndi dothi lonyowa lamchenga. Musaiwale ngalande yosanjikiza!
3. Phimbani ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki, ikani mphukira pamalo owala bwino popanda dzuwa.
4. Patatha milungu iwiri, nthawi yoyamba kudyetsedwa ndi mchere, ndipo atatha masiku 30 amachotsa botolo ndikuthirira maluwawo.

Kuberekana kwa masamba kumakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

1. Tsamba lodulidwalo limadulidwa pamitsempha yowoneka bwino kuchokera mkati, pambuyo pake imayikidwa panthaka yokonzedwa. Kuti tsamba lizikhala lokwanira bwino, limakanikizidwa ndi miyala yaying'ono.
2. Chidebe chokhala ndi nthaka chimayikidwa pamalo otentha. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mizu imawonekera m'malo ocheperako, ndipo mbande zing'onozing'ono zimawonekera kumtunda kwa tsamba.

Zopindulitsa

Madzi a chomerachi amathandiza kuchiritsa mabala, zilonda zamoto, zilonda zam'mimba, ndi kulumidwa ndi njoka. Kuti mupeze madzi, masamba ayenera:

1. Dulani, nadzatsuka, pouma ndikupera mu blender.
2. Finyani msuzi kuchokera pamtundu womwewo ndikuusefa.
3. Onetsani 1: 1 ndi madzi.

Njira yothetsera vutoli imasunganso malo ake osapitirira masiku atatu ngati yasungidwa m'firiji. Konzekera mu kusamba madzi musanagwiritse ntchito.

Tincture wa madzi a Fista amathandiza ndi zilonda zam'mimba, kuwonongeka kwamapapu, komwe kumadziwika ndi hemoptysis:

1. Ikani msuzi womwe umapezeka ndi njira yodziwika bwino mumtsuko wamdima ndikusungunuka ndi ethyl mowa mu 1: 1 ratio ndikuisiya kuti ipange kwa milungu iwiri, uku mukuigwedeza nthawi ndi nthawi.
2. Pambuyo masiku 14, sungani tincture.
3. Imwani madontho 15-20 pa 20 ml ya madzi owiritsa katatu patsiku theka la ora musanadye.

Kutalika kwamaphunziro ndi mwezi. Pambuyo popumula masiku 30, pambuyo pake maphunzirowa akhoza kubwerezedwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati compress ya kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa.

Onerani kanemayo: Judith Babirye - NDI SURVIVOR Official Video (June 2024).