Ndi mtundu wanji wa chigaza - chofiira, mapiri kapena china - choyenera kubzala nyumba?

Skullcap (Scutellaria) ndi chomera chachikulu cha mabanja a Lamiaceae kapena a Labiatae, omwe amapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi (kupatula Antarctica).

Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imakhala mgulu lazomera za utoto. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi zokongoletsera, koma gawo laling'ono chabe ndi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala m'nyumba. Mitundu ina yazomera imakhala ndi mankhwala.

Mtundu wa "Shlemnik" wonse uli ndi mitundu yoposa 460. Zomera zambiri ndi udzu, ndipo zochepa zokha ndizitsamba zazing'ono.

Zachilendo

Skullcap - zitsamba zosatha, yomwe ili ndi mayina ena ambiri: skullcap, cockerel skullcap, agogo, St. John's wort, consumable, pickle, mayi chomera, mtima udzu, buluu. Amakula m'dera la Mediterranean, Central ndi Eastern Europe, mayiko aku Scandinavia, Ciscaucasia, Central Asia, China, Mongolia, Japan, North America, Russia (gawo la Europe, Western ndi Eastern Siberia).

Amakonda kukula m'madambo okhalira madzi, pafupi ndi madambo, komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja ndi mayiwe.

• Chomeracho chimafika kutalika kwa 10-50 cm, chimakhala ndi tsinde la tetrahedral komanso rhizome yopyapyala, yodziwika ndi zokwawa ndi nthambi.
• Masamba amakonzedwa motsutsana, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a oblong-lanceolate komanso zokulirapo m'mbali mwake.
• Maluwa a chomeracho ali ndi milomo iwiri, yamtundu wabuluu-yofiirira, yokonzedwa m'modzi m'masamba a masamba.
• Mlomo wapamwamba wa corolla ndi wofanana ndi chisoti, pomwe mlomo wapansi ndi wolimba.
• Maluwa ali ndi ma stamens anayi (awiri otsika ndi otalikirapo kuposa apamwamba). Pistil ili ndi manyazi a bipartite komanso chotchinga chachikulu chamakona anayi.
• Chomeracho chimapsa chipatsocho ngati mtedza anayi.

Nthawi yamaluwa ndi June-August. Nthawi yobala zipatsoyo ndi Julayi-Seputembara. Chomeracho chili ndi flavonoids (apigenin, baicalein, wogonin, scutellarein). M'mbuyomu, chomeracho chidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, koma pano akupitilizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito chomeracho ngati mankhwala ndikotheka, komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukiranso zotsutsana zomwe zilipo kale.

Siberia

1. Osatha yodziwika ndi nthambi zolimba. Gawo lomwe lili pamwambali limatha kutalika mpaka 1.5 mita.
2. Mbali ya tsinde imadziwika ndi kuchuluka, kuchepa pang'ono komanso nthambi kumtunda.
3. Masamba ndi osavuta, osalala, ovoid kapena amakona atatu-ovoid.
4. Ma inflorescence amtundu wotsika kwambiri, otayirira.

Maluwawo ndi ofiira mdima. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi June-August. Amakula kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa Siberia.

Alpine

Zosatha zomwe zimamera kumapiri akumwera kwa Europe, ku Balkan, komanso kumwera kwa Siberia. Zimasiyanasiyana mwachidule (kutalika kwa tsinde - 15-20 cm).

• Masambawo ndi owoneka ngati mtima komanso osindikizira.
• Maluwa - akale, oyera-ofiirira, owala pinki. Pali mitundu ndi ma trollolor, osiyana ndi ma corollas oyera.

Nthawi yamaluwa - kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi; kubala zipatso mu Ogasiti. Alpine scullcap yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zopitilira zinayi ngati chomera cha mphika, ndipo imalimanso m'mapiri a Alpine kuphatikiza mitundu ina. Chomeracho chimakonda dothi lamchere.

Chofiira

Shrub yokonda kuwala yosatha, yotchedwanso "Costa Rican skullcap". Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mtundu uwu udadziwika pachilumba cha Costa Rica ndipo adafotokozedwa ndi botanist wotchuka komanso wamkulu wamaluwa azomera ku Hanover (Germany) G. Wendland pakati pa zaka za zana la 19. Komanso mu vivo, chomeracho chitha kupezeka ku Panama ndi Mexico. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi zimayambira zochepa zomwe zimakula mpaka 1m kutalika.

Pofunafuna kuwala, zimayambira zimatha kuyenda ndikuwoneka ngati liana wapachikuto.

1. Maluwa - kuwala kofiira lalanje, kofiira, kapezi wonyezimira ngati maluwa otulutsa maluwa, omwe amatoleredwa ndi ma inflorescence-masamba (ofanana ndi ma cones, mpaka 6 cm). Maluwa ndi opanda fungo.
2. Corolla imakhala ndi khola lachikaso, lomwe limatsekedwa kwathunthu ndikupindidwa ngati chipewa. Amamasula kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa chakukula pang'onopang'ono kwa masamba (kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi).
3. Zomera zimayambira - tetrahedral, dongosolo la masamba ndilotsutsana.
4. Mapepala am'manja khalani ndi mawonekedwe olimba mtima okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa zisa, mtunduwo ndi wobiriwira kwambiri, pamwamba pake pamakhala matte, opanda fungo. Akapukutidwa, masambawo amapanga phokoso (ngati pepala).

Mitunduyi imalimanso m'nyumba ndi wowonjezera kutentha. Kutalika kwa mbewuyo kumafika kutalika kwa 20-60 cm. Ku Russia, mitundu iyi ikupitilizabe kukhala yosawerengeka, ngakhale ili ndi kudzichepetsa komanso mawonekedwe okongoletsa.

Scarlet skullcap, ikamakulira m'nyumba ndi wowonjezera kutentha, imasowa kubzala mbeu nthawi zonse ndi cuttings. Kukula ngati pachaka kapena biennial.

Wopanda

Chomera chosatha, chomwe chimakhalanso ndi mayina: skullcap acutifoliate, pafupi ndi skullcap. Imakula ku Russia (mayiko akumwera a gawo la Europe, Western ndi Eastern Siberia), Ukraine, Central Asia, Mongolia, China.

• Ndi semi-shrub yomwe imakula mpaka 1.5 mita kutalika.
• Masamba ndi ovunda mofanana ndi m'mbali mwake.
• Maluwawo ndi achikasu, akulu (opitilira 3 cm m'mimba mwake), amakhala ndi ubweya.

Imakonda kukula pamapiri ataliatali, zigwa, mapiri. Maluwa amawonekera chakumapeto kwa Juni kumtunda kwa zimayambira mchaka chachiwiri chakukula.

Yaikulu-ikuuluka

Ndi semi-shrub yomwe imakhala ndi imvi chifukwa cha pubescence. Kukula ku Western and Eastern Siberia, Altai, Mongolia. Amakonda kukula pamiyala kapena pamiyala, talus, miyala, miyala.

Muzuwo ndi wandiweyani, wolimba komanso wosalimba. Zimayambira - zambiri, nthambi, kutalika kwa 10-20 masentimita.Pafupi ndi tsinde - lokhazikika komanso lothimbirira lokhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi.

Masambawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, ovoid, odulidwa kapena otenthedwa pang'ono pafupi ndi tsinde, omwe amakhala pama petioles aatali (mpaka 12 mm).

Mphepete mwa masambawo ndi drenate, ndipo masambawo amakhala osindikizira mbali zonse ziwiri okhala ndi tsitsi lopindika, lobiriwirako pamwambapa.

1. Maluwa kupanga wandiweyani capitate, pafupifupi tetrahedral inflorescence mpaka 4 cm kutalika kumtunda kwa nthambi.
2. Chikho - pafupifupi 2 mm kutalika, waubweya wambiri, ali ndi scutellum yovundikira, yofiirira.
3. Corolla ali ndi kutalika kwa 1.5-2.5 cm, mtundu wake ndi wa pinki-violet kapena wofiirira, nthawi zina amakhala wofalikira kunja.
4. Mtedza - amakona atatu-chowulungika, wakuda, wokutidwa wokulirapo ndi tsitsi loyera loyera.

Nthawi yamaluwa ndi Juni-Ogasiti.

Baikal

Zitsamba zosatha zomwe zili ndi mayina ena ambiri:

• Chingwe cha buluu cha St.
• pachimake;
• chishango;
• mowa mayi;
• agogo;
• chishango;
• Shaki;
• chigaza chamutu;
• zitsamba zamtima;
• Kuyendetsa panyanja;
• womwetsa.

Ku Russia, imakula m'nyanja ya Baikal, m'chigawo cha Amur ndi Primorsky Territory. Ikupezekanso m'maiko ena - ku Mongolia, Korea, kumpoto kwa China.

1. Chomeracho chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 60, chimakhala ndi tsinde la nthambi.
2. Muzuwo ndi wamfupi komanso wonenepa, wakuda bulauni, koma pakuthyola mizu yaying'ono imakhala yachikaso, pomwe yakale imakhala yofiirira.
3. Masamba a chomeracho ndi ang'ono, oblong, komanso olimba mpaka kukhudza.
4. Maluwawo ndi ofiirira, ooneka ngati belu, amilomo iwiri, atoleredwa pamwamba pamitengo yama inflorescence yama racemose. Maluwawo ndi okongoletsa kwambiri komanso okongola.

Nthawi yamaluwa ndi Juni-Julayi.

Mudzafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za Baikal skullcap ndi malamulo okula maluwa munkhani yapadera, ndipo mutha kudziwa za mankhwala ndi zotsutsana za mtundu uwu wa chomerachi.

Mapeto

Kotero, mtundu "Shlemnik" uli ndi malo okhala ndipo mulinso mitundu yoposa 460. Makhalidwe okongoletsa ndi kupaka utoto amapezeka mwazomera zambiri, pomwe ndi mitundu yochepa yokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala komanso zodzikongoletsera.