Chifukwa chiyani nsabwe za m'masamba zimawoneka ndipo pali chiyani chomwe chimakhudza nkhaka? Kodi kuthana ndi tizilombo?
Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta mtundu wobiriwira kapena wakuda womwe ndi woopsa kwambiri pangozi.
Tiziromboti timamwa timadziti tofunika kuchokera ku mizu ndi mphukira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa zipatso, ndipo nthawi zina kufa kwa zitsamba, mitengo kapena masamba.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungachotsere nsabwe za m'masamba pa nkhaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamankhwala zomwe zimayesedwa ndi wamaluwa.
Mitundu ya tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda
Mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso kutchire pa nkhaka, vwende aphid limakhazikika. Zimapweteketsa osati nkhaka zokha, komanso tomato, beets, maungu, zukini, kaloti ndi tchire tchire.
Kukula kwake, nsabwe za mtunduwu siziposa 2.1 mm, zimakhala ndi mtundu wina:
- bulauni;
- zobiriwira;
- chikasu chowala;
- wakuda - wobiriwira.
M'nyumba zobiriwira, nsabwe za m'masamba zamtunduwu zimawonekera mchaka, komanso pamalo otseguka koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Nkhaka ndi zomera zina ziyenera kukonzedwa mwamsanga mphutsi zikapezeka.
Werengani za mitundu ina ya nsabwe za m'masamba m'nkhani yapadera.
Zovulaza zomwe zachitika
Mutha kudziwa mawonekedwe a tiziromboti pa nkhaka ndi zizindikiro izi:
- Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhazikika pamasamba a chomeracho, zimayamba kupiringana ndikufota.
- Zitha kuwoneka bwino kumbuyo kwa pepala. Ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, koma ngakhale izi, sizikhala zovuta kuziwona. Kuwonjezeka kwa tizilombo kumapezekanso pazingwe zamapewa komanso m'masamba a masamba.
- Honeydew ikuwonekera.
Mukapeza izi, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti muwononge tizilombo tisanawononge mbewuzo.
Ili kuti ndipo bwanji?
Pakatikati mwa chilimwe, nsabwe za m'masamba pa nkhaka zimawonekera kwambiri, zidakula mwamphamvu kwambiri. Kubereka kwake kumadalira kukwera kwa kutentha; m'mabuku obiriwira, mawonekedwe ake amayamba masika.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timabisala namsongole, ndipo timakhala nawo mu wowonjezera kutentha. Anthu okhala ndi mapiko nthawi zambiri amayang'ana mbewu pafupi, samauluka maulendo ataliatali, chifukwa chake, zukini, nkhaka, tomato, sikwashi, ndibwino kudzala patali wina ndi mnzake, izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti atenge kachilombo.
Nyerere zimaonedwa ngati "abwenzi" abwino kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: zimasamutsa nsabwe ku zomera zina, zimateteza ndikuzisunga, ndipo zimazidyetsa ndi madzi otsekemera a mame. Nkhondoyo iyenera kuyamba ndi nyerere. Nyerere zimapindulitsa nthaka komanso zimathanso kuwononga nthaka yomwe zimakhala. Ngati pali nyerere pafupi ndi mundawo, muyenera kuzichotsa mwachangu.
Werengani zambiri za malo okhala ndi zifukwa zowonekera nsabwe za m'masamba apa.
Kodi kumenya?
Ganizirani momwe mungachitire ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhazikika pamasamba, kuyambira pansi mpaka kumbuyo, m'machimo ndi malo ena. Kuti muwononge tizilombo, mungagwiritse ntchito njira zingapo.
Zithandizo za anthu
Vinyo woŵaŵa... Fungo la kuluma, limabwezeretsa tizilombo.
Nsabwe za m'masamba zikafa mukapeza yankho.: Mumtsuko wa madzi, tengani supuni 2 za vinyo wosasa, onjezerani pang'ono sopo wochapira kuti yankho lisawonongeke, koma limamatira masamba.
Koloko... Pofuna kuchotsa nsabwe za m'masamba, mankhwala atatu omwe ali ndi masiku 1-2 ndi okwanira. Kwa malita 2 amadzi, timatenga magalamu 70-80 a soda ndi madontho 15 a mkungudza, lavender kapena mafuta ofunikira a geranium.
Yankho lake likhala lonunkhira bwino, lomwe lithandizire kuwopseza tizilombo.
Phulusa. Amawonedwa ngati chakudya chofunikira cha nkhaka, pomwe amasuntha nsabwe za m'masamba bwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito owuma, chinthu chouma chiyenera kumwazika pamasamba pomwe nsabwe zidawoneka. Muthanso kupanga yankho. Kwa malita 10 amadzi, mufunika magalasi awiri a phulusa ndi magalamu 50 a sopo wochapa zovala. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho sopo litasungunuka.
Phulusa imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazithandizo zothandiza tizirombo, koma ndi bwino kuigwiritsa ntchito isanatuluke maluwa! Ngati yankho lifika pamaluwa, sakhala owala ndipo njuchi siziwayendetsa mungu.
Garlic kapena anyezi. Fungo lonunkhiritsa limathamangitsa tizilombo. Mutha kupanga yankho kuchokera pa magalamu 100. anyezi wodulidwa kapena adyo ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Ndikofunika kunena tsiku limodzi, yankho likakonzeka, muyenera kuwonjezera malita 9 amadzi ndikusakaniza.
Fodya... Chomera chomvekachi chimakupatsani mwayi wothamangitsa nsabwe za m'masamba bwino pa nkhaka.
Kuti mupeze yankho lomwe mufunika: 300 gr. fodya kapena makhorka, sakanizani ndi kuchapa kapena sopo wa phula, kutsanulira zosakanizazo ndi malita 10. madzi. Yankho liyenera kulowetsedwa kwa masiku osachepera awiri.
Tsabola wowawitsa. Chida ichi ndi chabwino chifukwa chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lomwelo. Pazothetsera vutoli muyenera: 1 lita imodzi ya madzi otentha ndi magalamu 50 a tsabola wofiira otentha, kusiya maola 2-3 ndikuchepetsa ndi malita 10 a madzi.
Pambuyo pa chithandizo ichi, masamba a chomeracho sakhalanso oyenera nsabwe za m'masamba.
Zambiri pazazitsamba zowerengeka zowongolera nsabwe zafotokozedwa munkhaniyi.
Momwe mungapangire zinthu zachilengedwe?
- Bitoxibacillin... Kukonzekera kwa ufa komwe kumakhala ndi chinthu chomwe chili ndi mabakiteriya apadera omwe amapha nsabwe za m'masamba.
- Fitoverm... Mankhwalawa ndi ofatsa ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi iliyonse yakutenga matenda.
- Mivi Yanu... Zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zitha kuchotsa tizilombo. Ndikofunikira kutsatira kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, chifukwa amatha kudziunjikira pansi.
- Entobacterin... Mankhwalawa ndi mawonekedwe a emulsion. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, zotsatira zake zimawonekera kwa masiku awiri.
Kuchiza mankhwala
Mankhwala, iyi ndiyo njira yomaliza yodziwikiratu pamene mankhwala ena alephera. Zili ndi poizoni ndipo zimatha kuvulaza anthu, choncho valani suti yotetezera, magalasi, magolovesi, ndi makina opumira musanagwire zomera.
Mankhwala ndi awa:
- Zolemba... Chida ichi chimawononga tizilombo popanda mavuto. Onaninso kuti mankhwalawa ndi a m'kalasi lachiwiri la zoopsa kwa anthu;
- Aktofit... Katunduyu amawononga nsabwe za m'masamba, njenjete ndi njenjete. Mankhwalawa ndi a kalasi yachitatu ya ngozi kwa anthu.
- Fufanon... Mankhwalawa amalimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba tsiku limodzi, alibe fungo losasangalatsa.
- Tanrek... Mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, nsabwe za m'masamba zitha kufa masiku awiri.
Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala m'nyumba zobiriwira, kapena osatero kawirikawiri, chifukwa alibe mpweya wabwino ndipo amatha kuvulaza anthu.
Makhalidwe omenyera nkhokwe zobiriwira
Kukonza kutentha kumayambira nyengo ikatha, mwachitsanzo kugwa. Pakukonza wowonjezera kutentha, m'pofunika kuchotsa kwathunthu nsonga ndi zotsalira zonse zazomera. Kukonzekera kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza malo obiriwira:
- Karbaphos - mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polima nthaka. Njira yothetsera vutoli imachepetsa (onjezerani magalamu 30 a yankho ku 10 malita a madzi).
- Bleaching ufa - Wokonzeka ufa wokhala ndi fungo lonunkhira. Mankhwalawa amabalalika panthaka, pambuyo pake nthaka imamasulidwa. Chida ichi chimawononga nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mphutsi.
- Sulphate yamkuwa - Amapha mphutsi ndi matenda a mafangasi.
Njira zodzitetezera
Pofuna kupewa vutoli ndi kuwonongeka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba, muyenera kutsatira njira zodzitetezera:
- Udzu pakati pa mizere kamodzi pa sabata.
- Njira yopopera mbewu (mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira).
- Bzalani zomera zonunkhira zomwe zimathamangitsa tizilombo, monga adyo, anyezi, marigolds, pakati pa mizere ya nkhaka.
Sungani zokolola nyengo yonse. Pofuna kupewa mankhwalawa, perekani malowo kamodzi pa sabata ndipo kumbukirani za umuna wa mbeu, mbewu zathanzi zimatha kuthana ndi tizirombo.
Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere kanema pa njira zothanirana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba pa nkhaka: