Maholide akulu mu Israeli
Maholide omwe anthu omwe amakhala kumeneko amakondwerera amafotokoza zambiri za miyambo yadziko lililonse. Dziko Lolonjezedwa silichonso, chifukwa maholide ku Israeli ndi gawo lofunikira pamoyo wa Aisraeli. Maholide ambiri am'deralo amakhudzana mwachindunji ndi zochitika zachipembedzo zomwe zafotokozedwa m'mabuku oyera achiyuda.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zikondwerero ku Israeli zimayamba madzulo, popeza Ayuda amakhulupirira kuti tsiku lotsatira limayamba dzuwa litalowa. Chinanso chosangalatsa ndichakuti tchuthi ndi kulira zikagwirizana, zomalizazi zimasinthidwa masiku ena.
Munkhaniyi tikukuwuzani za maholide ofunikira kwambiri kwa Aisraeli komanso momwe amawakondwerera.
Sabata
Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo zachiyuda, masiku asanu ndi limodzi pa sabata ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo wina ayenera kupumula. Sabata limasungidwa kuti likapumule, popeza ndi tsiku lomaliza la sabata makalendala achihebri. Loweruka lirilonse, Ayuda amakondwerera Shabbat - tchuthi chosankhidwa ndi Mulungu pomwe dziko lidalengedwa.
Lachisanu usiku, makandulo amayatsidwa mnyumba, mdalitso umamveka - izi zikutanthauza kuti Loweruka layamba. Pa Shabbat, Ayuda ayenera kudya katatu katatu, ndipo chakudya chawo chimakonzedweratu. Popeza mbale zotentha siziloledwa Loweruka, azimayi achiyuda amakakamizidwa kuwonetsa zodabwitsa zenizeni za luso. Zakudya zotchuka monga kugol, cholent, tsimes zimatha kukhala zotentha kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zokoma kwambiri.
Pa Shabbat sikuletsedwa kokha kuphika kokha, komanso kugwira ntchito iliyonse. Lero limawonedwa ngati tchuthi chapagulu, ngakhale zoyendera pagulu sizithamanga.
Puri
Purimu ndi tchuthi chomwe chimakumbutsa momwe Ayuda omwe amakhala mu Ufumu wa Perisiya zaka zopitirira 2,400 zapitazo adapulumutsidwa ku chiwonongeko.
Tchuthi cha Purimu ku Israeli chimakondwerera pa 14 ndi 15 Adar - madetiwa nthawi zambiri amakhala masiku osiyanasiyana mu Marichi kapena February malinga ndi kalendala ya Gregory yomwe tidazolowera. Mu 2019, Purimu imakondwerera pa Marichi 21.
Purimu ndi tchuthi chosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa pomwe zikondwerero zaphokoso ndi zisudzo zikuchitika m'mizinda yonse ya Israeli.
Gawo loyenera ndi chakudya - chochuluka komanso chokhutiritsa, ndi vinyo. Wosamalira alendo nthawi zonse amatumikira "makutu a Hamani" patebulo - omwe amatchedwa ma pie ang'onoang'ono otseguka, momwe mumadzaza nyama kapena nyama.
Palibe matchuthi apagulu pa Purimu. Mwachikhalidwe masiku ano sizoyenera kuchita bizinesi iliyonse, koma ngati pali chosowa chapadera, chimaloledwa.
Pasika
Tchuthi chachiyuda komanso chofunikira kwambiri kwachiyuda ndi Pasika. Zikuyimira kumasulidwa kwa anthu achiyuda ku ukapolo wa Aigupto ndikupanga dziko lawo.
Paskha umachitika kuyambira pa 15 mpaka 21 Nisani (Nisani amafanana ndi Marichi - Epulo). Mu 2019, maholide 7 amafika pa Epulo 20 - 27.
Pa Pasika, ndizoletsedwa kudya mkate ndi zakudya zilizonse zomwe zakhala zikuchita nayonso mphamvu. Komanso, sizingodyedwa kokha, komanso zimasungidwa kunyumba. Pakadali pano, kuchokera ku ufa, mutha kudya matzo - mikate yopanda chofufumitsa, yomwe Ayuda adadya pothawa ku Egypt. Ndikofunikira kuti pasadutse mphindi 18 kuchokera pakukanda mtanda kuti uphike misa - amakhulupirira kuti panthawiyi njira yothira ilibe nthawi yoyamba. Kuwonjezera pa kuphika, palibe ntchito yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa pa holideyi.
Chochitika chapadera cha Paskha ndi Seder (dongosolo) - chakudya chamadzulo chomwe chimachitika madzulo a Nisani 14. Tsiku lotsatira Seder limawerengedwa kuti ndi tsiku loyamba tchuthi komanso tchuthi chapagulu. Masiku asanu otsatira ndi theka-tchuthi, pomwe mabungwe aboma sagwira ntchito konse, ndipo achinsinsi nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito theka la tsiku. Tsiku lomaliza la Paskha ndi tchuthi chokwanira komanso tchuthi chapagulu. Malinga ndi Torah, pa Nisani 21, Nyanja Yofiira idabalalika pamaso pa Ayuda, kenako ndikuphimba Aigupto kutsatira kwawo. Chifukwa chake, pa Nisani 21, Ayuda amabwera kunyanja, mtsinje kapena madzi aliwonse kuti awerenge "Nyimbo Yam'nyanja" pamenepo.
Monga mwalamulo, Paskha kwa anthu aku Israeli ndi nthawi yopuma tchuthi. Ndipo kwa alendo akunja omwe amafika mdziko muno, iyi ndi nthawi yotsika mtengo kwambiri yokaona alendo pachaka. Zipinda zama hotelo ndi ntchito zilizonse zanyengo ino ziyenera kusungitsidwa miyezi ingapo pasadakhale.
Tsiku lokumbukira ufulu wodzilamulira
Tchuthi chachikulu cha Israeli ndi Tsiku Lodziyimira pawokha, lomwe limakondwerera chaka chilichonse pa Meyi 14. Panali pa 14 Meyi 1948 pomwe dziko lapansi lidazindikira kukhalapo kwa Boma lodziyimira palokha la Israel.
Tsiku Lodziyimira pawokha ndi tsiku lopuma, ndipo zikondwerero ndi ziwonetsero zokhala ndi zozimitsa moto zimachitika m'mizinda yonse yadzikoli. Popeza palibe choletsa kuyendetsa pa holideyi, aku Israeli amapita kuma picnic mgalimoto zawo zapayokha.
Lag BaOmer
Lag B'Omer imakondwerera pa 18 Iyar, mu 2019 holideyi imagwera pa Meyi 23.
Malinga ndi magwero akale, pa 18 Iyar mliriwo udatha, womwe udapha miyoyo ya ophunzira a Rabi Akiva wamkulu, yemwe adayambitsa dongosolo la Oral Torah. Madzulo a 17th Iyar, dzuwa litalowa, amayatsa moto, kuwombera uta, kuvina ndi zochitika zina zosangalatsa zimakonzedwa.
Ku Lag BaOmer mutha kugwira ntchito, kumeta tsitsi ndi kumeta, ndikupanga maukwati. Lag BaOmer si tchuthi chapagulu.
Shavuot
Patatha masiku 50 Pasika, 6 - 7 Sivan, Shavuot amabwera m'Chiyuda. Mu 2019 zichitika pa June 9-10.
Panali pa Sivan 6 pomwe Ayuda adapatsidwa Torah, ndipo adalonjeza kuti adzakhala okhulupirika ku Bukhu Lalikulu nthawi zonse komanso kulikonse. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, tsogolo la anthu achiyuda latsimikizika pakukhulupirika pamapangano a Mulungu, ndipo ngakhale atabalalika padziko lonse lapansi, adakhalabe mtundu umodzi.
Shavuot iwunikiranso kutha kwa kayendedwe ka zaulimi komanso kuyamba kwa nyengo yatsopano. M'masiku akale, mikate iwiri idaphikidwa patsikuli ndikupita nayo ku Kachisi.
Kuchokera pantchito ya Shavuot, kuphika kokha ndikovomerezeka. Tchuthi ichi ndi tsiku lopuma ku boma.
Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi
Rosh Hashanah
Mwanjira ina, Rosh Hashanah ndi Chaka Chatsopano chachiyuda. Kalendala yachiyuda imayamba ndi mwezi wa Tishrei, chifukwa chake kubwera kwa Chaka Chatsopano kumakondwereredwa ndi Ayuda pa 1 ndi 2 Tishrei. Mu 2019, madetiwa amagwirizana ndi Seputembara 30 ndi Okutobala 1.
Pachikhalidwe, patsikuli, popanga mapemphero m'sunagoge, lipenga limayimbidwa, chida choimbira chachiyuda chopangidwa ndi lipenga la nyama. Izi zimafuna kulapa ndikuwonetsa kutsutsana ndi chiweruzo cha Mulungu.
Ayuda akhulupirira kuti mu Rosh Hashan Mulungu akhazikitsa momwe moyo wamunthu udzakhalire chaka chamawa. Chifukwa chake, masiku ano amapenda zochita zawo, ngati kuli kotheka zolakwitsa zomwe adachita kuti akondweretse Mlengi. Kukhulupirira koona kwa Ayuda kuti Wamphamvuyonse amafuna zabwino kwa aliyense kumasintha Rosh Hashan kukhala tchuthi chosangalatsa.
Ku Rosh Hashan ndichizolowezi kuyamikirana wina ndi mnzake ndikupatsana mphatso, kukonza mapwando olemera. Pa chakudya chamaphwando, mbale zakonzedwa zomwe zikuyimira zofuna za chaka chabwino, chabwino. Mwachitsanzo, mbale za nsomba ndi chizindikiro cha chonde, ndipo mitu ya nsomba yomwe imakonzedwa molingana ndi njira iliyonse ndi chizindikiro choti simukuyenera kutsalira. Kaloti odulidwa mozungulira amaimira ndalama zagolide, ndipo buledi wokoma wa chlah ndi chizindikiro cha moyo.
Ku Israel, Rosh Hashan amakondwereredwa ndi aliyense, osasankha, panthawiyi, ngakhale sabata lamaboma limasankhidwa. Kuchokera kuntchito, kuphika kokha ndikovomerezeka.
Yom Kippur
Doomsday (Yom Kippur) imayamba pa Tishrei 10, kumaliza mapemphero a masiku 10. Mu 2019, tsikuli lidzafika pa Okutobala 9.
Pakubwera kwa Yom Kippur, moyo wa Israeli umawomberadi: Kuwulutsa pawailesi yakanema komanso wailesi sikugwira ntchito, zoyendera sizimayenda, ndipo mabungwe onse aboma, ma eyapoti ndi kuwoloka malire atsekedwa. Komanso, simungayendetse galimoto, kuyankhula pafoni, kusamba, kuyenda ndi nsapato zachikopa, kugonana. Yom Kippur ndi nthawi yosala kudya, pomwe mungangopemphera, kusanthula moyo wanu, kulapa moona mtima zolakwa zanu ndikupempha chikhululukiro.
Dzuwa likulowa ndipo nyenyezi yachitatu ikuwonekera kumwamba, Zipata za Chifundo, kudzera momwe anthu aku Israeli adatembenuzira mapemphero awo kwa Mlengi, zitseka ndipo Yom Kippur idzatha.
Alendo akuyenera kukumbukira kuti pa Tsiku Lachiweruzo ku Israeli kulibe zosangalatsa kapena ngakhale kungoyenda.
Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi
Sukkot
Sukkot imatha masiku 7, chiyambi chake ndi 15 tishrei. Mu 2019, tchuthi cha Sukkot ku Israeli chidzakhala pa 14 mpaka 20 Okutobala.
"Sukkah" m'Chihebri limatanthauza "kanyumba" kapena "nyumba", ndipo dzinali limafotokoza bwino za chikondwererochi. Ku Sukkot, Ayuda amakakamizidwa kuti azikhala muzinyumba zomangidwa ndi manja awo, kupereka ulemu kwa iwo omwe amayenda m'chipululu chosatha kwa zaka 40. Tchuthichi ndichizindikiro chakuti anthu aku Israeli amakumbukira ndikulemekeza makolo awo komanso mbiri yawo yakale.
Masiku angapo tchuthi chisanachitike, ma fairs angapo amatsegulidwa m'midzi yonse ya Israeli, komwe amagulitsa zonse zomwe mungafune kuti mumange nyumba ndi kuzikongoletsa. Makoma a kanyumbako amatha kupangidwa ndi chilichonse (ngakhale nsalu zopepuka ndizoyenera), koma denga lake limangopangidwa ndi zinthu zazomera zokha: kanjedza, spruce, nthambi za nsungwi, kapena mphasa zapadera.
Munthawi ya Sukkot, misasa yopangidwa mwaluso ku Israeli imatha kuwonedwa paliponse: kutsogolo kwa minda, m'makhonde, pa veranda, m'mabwalo, ngakhale m'malo opaka magalimoto. Masiku ano, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amayesetsa kukhala m'misasa masiku onse 7, koma aliyense amayesetsa kukonza chakudya pamenepo.
Tchuthi chimabweretsa chisangalalo chachikulu kwa ana, chifukwa kwa iwo nthawi m'nyumbayi ndiulendo weniweni. Makamaka mukawona kuti masukulu onse aboma komanso achinsinsi atsekedwa sabata lathunthu ku Sukkot. Mabizinesi onse ndi mabungwe amalandila tsiku lovomerezeka tsiku loyamba.
Anayankha
Chaka chilichonse, masiku 25 a Kislev ndi masiku 8 otsatira, kumakhala tchuthi chachikhalidwe ku Israeli, chomwe ngakhale anthu akutali kwambiri ndi Chiyuda adamva. Izi ndi Hanukkah - mu 2019 zidzakhala Disembala 23-30.
Hanukkah ndikukumbukira chozizwitsa chomwe chidachitika mu 164 BC. Kachisi wa ku Yerusalemu adaipitsidwa ndi Asuri, koma atawathamangitsa, Ayuda aku Kislev adayambiranso ntchito. Chombo chokhala ndi mafuta ochepa (patsiku limodzi) la mafuta a nyali adapezeka mkachisi. Koma chozizwitsa chenicheni chidachitika - chidatenga masiku 8.
Chifukwa chake, pokondwerera Hanukkah, anthu aku Israeli amayatsa makandulo masiku asanu ndi atatu motsatizana. Usiku woyamba wachisangalalo, kuwala 1 kuyenera kuyatsidwa, kwachiwiri - 2, ndipo madzulo okha omaliza, tsiku lachisanu ndi chitatu motsatira, makandulo 8 ayenera kuyatsidwa.
Pali miyambo ina yomwe imatsatiridwa ku Israeli pa Hanukkah: mphatso zambiri zimagulidwa kwa ana.
Monga maholide ambiri ku Israel, Hanukkah imatsagana ndi kuletsa ntchito iliyonse. Pali masiku opuma m'maofesi aboma a Hanukkah.