Kukula ndi kusamalira pelargonium: malangizo ndi mawonekedwe

Kalelo, maambulera owala a chomeracho adakongoletsa pafupifupi nyumba zonse mdziko lathu. Kenako adatchedwa bourgeois maluwa ndipo adakhala wosatchuka. Koma lero maluwa okongola komanso othandizawa amawonekeranso m'mazenera ambiri a nyumba ndi nyumba.

Ndipo sizachabe kuti chomera chodzichepetsachi chikukondedwanso moyenera ndi alimi odziwa bwino maluwa. Munkhaniyi muphunzira mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungakulire pelargonium kunyumba, momwe mungasamalire ndikulimbana ndi matenda.

Kodi chomera ichi ndi chiyani?

CHENJEZO: M'nyumba zambiri pawindo pali mapoto azomera omwe ali ndi inflorescence wowala. Aliyense amawatcha kuti geraniums. Ndipo alimi odziwa maluwa okha ndi omwe amadziwa kuti awa ndi pelargoniums.

Geranium ndi Pelargonium ndi am'banja la Geranium, lomwe lili ndi mibadwo isanu, yotchuka kwambiri ndi mtundu wa Pelargonium, ndipo yotchuka kwambiri ndi mtundu wa Geranium. Zomwe zimapangitsa kusokonekera m'mazina ndi m'zaka za zana la 18, pomwe Karl Linnaeus, wasayansi wotchuka wa nthawiyo, molakwika adayika mbewuzo m'gulu limodzi, potengera kufanana kwa chipatso cha zipatso.

Kenako adapatsidwa magawo osiyanasiyana ndi a Dutch botanist a Johannes Burman. Ngakhale kufanana kwakunja, mbewu ziwirizi zilinso ndi kusiyana kwakukulu: geranium ndi yolekerera kuzizira ndipo pelargonium ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake geranium ndimunda wamaluwa, ndipo pelargonium ndi chomera chakunyumba.

Makhalidwe ndi zofunikira pakukula

Kuti mudziwe kukula kwa pelargonium yobiriwira ndi maluwa owala, ndikwanira kuti muzisamalira mosavuta.

Kusankha dothi

Kuti mukule bwino, maluwa ambiri a pelargonium, nthaka yodzaza bwino imafunika, kuphatikiza kompositi, peat, humus ndi mchenga.

Kutsirira koyenera

Chinyezi chochepa ndichofunikira pamizu yathanzi. Pelargonium, monga geranium, ndibwino kuti musamamwe kuposa kutsanulira... Ngati chomeracho chakhala mu gawo lapansi lamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali, chimawopseza ndikuwononga mizu.

M'nyengo yotentha komanso nthawi yozizira, pamafunika boma lina lakuthirira. Koma nthawi zonse chizindikiro chofunikira chofunikira chinyezi china cha nthaka ndi malo ake ouma. Palibe chifukwa chopopera masamba.

Kuunikira bwino

Pelargonium ndi chomera chokonda kuwala, chifukwa chake chimamasula bwino pamawindo azuwa... Ngati mchilimwe ali m'munda, ndiye kuti ayenera kusankha malo, otetezedwa ku mphepo ndi dzuwa, ngakhale amakula bwino mumthunzi pang'ono. Ngati kuyatsa sikukwanira, tsinde litha kuwululidwa.

Kutentha boma

Kukula bwino ndi maluwa, kutentha kwa pelargonium kumafunikira osachepera 10-12 madigiri Celsius, yabwino kwambiri mpaka madigiri 20.

Kudulira

Kudulira kumatheka nthawi yophukira komanso masika... Koma ngati kuli kofunikira (mwachitsanzo, nthambi zikakhala zopanda kanthu), mutha kudula nthawi iliyonse.

Kudulira kumapereka:

1. Kapangidwe ka korona wokongola komanso yaying'ono.
2. Kukula kwa mphukira zam'mbali ndikuwonekera kwa inflorescence zoyamba.
3. Maluwa obiriwira komanso obiriwira.
4. Kukhala ndi zinthu zakubzala.

MFUNDO: Kuti muteteze kuwola, malo odulidwayo amatha kuwazidwa, mwachitsanzo, makala ophwanyika.

Pamwamba

Kuti mupange chitsamba chobiriwira, kuwonjezera nthambi za zimayambira, muyenera kutsina mphukira zazing'ono. Izi zimachitika nthawi yachisanu isanakwane kapena koyambirira kwake, ndiko kuti, mu February-Marichi. Koma pakufunika - pakufunika kutero.

Kutsina, kutsina kapena kutsina ndi kuchotsa pamwamba pa mbande zazing'ono kuti zikulitse kukula kwa mphukira zowoneka bwino kuti chomeracho chisatambasuke mmwamba, koma chitsamba chimangidwe. Ndikofunika kuti musawononge chomera chachikulu pakutsina.

Zovala zapamwamba

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti maluwa akutalika komanso ataliatali a pelargoniums, ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi zinthu zofunika.... Kudyetsa malamulo:

• Pakukula mwachangu, ma feteleza amchere amchere okhala ndi asafe osachepera ndi phosphorous yochuluka amalimbikitsidwa. Musanagwiritse ntchito feteleza wamadzimadzi, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa kuti chiwononge mizu. panthaka youma, feteleza amatha kuziwotcha.
• M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, kufunika kodyetsa pelargonium ndikokwera, mutha kuyambitsa koyambirira kwa Meyi ndikuwononga mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembara.
• Potaziyamu imathandizira maluwa owala, ochuluka komanso okhalitsa.
• M'nyengo yotentha, ndibwino kuti musachite izi kapena kusamutsa chomeracho mumthunzi.

CHOFUNIKA: Feteleza wazomera zamkati amatha kugulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa ndikutsatira malangizo ake.

Njira zoberekera

Kodi kuswana bwanji chomera? Pelargonium imatha kufalikira pogawa tchire, ndi mbewu kapena zotere (cuttings).

Kugawa tchire

Imeneyi ndiye njira yosavuta kwambiri yoberekera pelargonium ndi geranium. Chitsamba chokumbidwacho chiyenera kugawidwa mosamala ndipo gawo lililonse liyenera kubzalidwa m'makontena osiyana. Nthaka ndiyophatikizika pang'ono ndikuthirira.

Zodula

Ngati pelargonium imafalikira ndi cuttings, imasunga mitundu yonse yamitundu.... Njira yoberekerayi imachitika magawo atatu.

Kukonzekera cuttings:

• kudula mphukira zathanzi ndi zamphamvu;
• chotsani masamba apansi;
• dulani cuttings mpaka 10 cm, ngati mtundu wa pelargonium ndi wocheperako, mutha - kuchokera 3 cm;
• pangani magawo pakati pa masamba;
• ziume patebulo kwa maola awiri kapena atatu.

Kukonzekera kwa nthaka:

• chabwino chingakhale chisakanizo chosasunthika cha peat, perlite, kompositi ndi nthaka yamaluwa;
• perlite iyenera kukhala yocheperako katatu kuposa peat.

Kudula gawo lodzala:

• ikani ngalande pansi pamphika;
• kutsanulira nthaka yokonzedwa pamwamba;
• sungani pang'ono nthaka pafupi ndi zomwe munabzala;
• kuthirirani kuti ikhale yonyowa pang'ono.

CHENJEZO: Mizu imayenera kupanga milungu itatu kapena inayi mutabzala. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina - ikani cuttings m'madzi kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu mchipinda chotentha.

Komwe:

1. Ndi bwino kutenga chidebe chopanda madzi (kotero kuti mizu ili mumdima);
2. onjezerani mpweya wosweka;
3. sinthani madzi masiku awiri kapena atatu aliwonse;
4. pamene mizu ikuwonekera, ikani zodulira mu miphika.

Onerani kanema wonena za kufalikira kwa pelargonium ndi cuttings:

Kukula pelargonium kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba

Ngati geraniums wamaluwa samakula kawirikawiri kuchokera ku mbewu, posankha njira yoberekera, ndiye Mbeu za Pelargonium zimafesedwa ngakhale ndi oyamba kumene mu floriculture.

Chofunika ndikukula pelargonium kuchokera ku mbewu:

• nthawi yofesa;
• kusankha mbewu;
• kukonzekera nthaka;
• kutentha boma;
• kubzala.

Chifukwa chake, lingalirani njira yakukula mbewu za pelargonium pang'onopang'ono.

Nthawi yokwera

Kuunikira kokwanira kumafunikira kuti mbeu imere bwino... Pofuna kuti musagwiritse ntchito nyali zowonjezerapo ngati nyali, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu posachedwa kumapeto kwa Januware, pomwe nthawi yamasana yayamba kale kukula.

Kusankha mbewu

Mbeu ziyenera kukhala:

• chachikulu;
• oblong ndi wandiweyani;
• bulauni wokhala ndi mthunzi wamatte.

Nthawi yambewu yamera imadalira mtundu wa pelargonium... Kuti mufupikitse mbewu kumera, muyenera:

• chotsani gawo la chipolopolocho, kulola mwayi wopeza michere.
• kuti kumera bwino, pakani nyembazo pang'onopang'ono katatu kapena katatu.

Kukonzekera nthaka yoti muzibzala

Izi zidzafunika:

• gawo limodzi la peat;
• gawo limodzi lamchenga wamtsinje;
• magawo awiri a nthaka yadothi;
• kuphika chisakanizocho kwa mphindi ziwiri kapena zitatu.

Kuumba nthaka kungagulidwe m'masitolo apadera... Koma sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso ndi zinthu zamchere, chifukwa pomwe mbewuzo zimera nthawi yayitali.

Kutentha boma

Kutentha kozungulira mutabzala kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kwabwino mpaka madigiri 22 Celsius, ndipo osaposa 20 ndi okwanira mbande.

Njira yobzala

Zoyenera kuchita:

• Dzazani miphika ndikuthira nthaka kutentha kwa madigiri 21-22.
• Fukani ndi madzi ofunda.
• Pangani mabowo patali masentimita awiri.
• Thirani nthaka mpaka 1 cm pa mbeu za m'maenje.
• Sungani pang'ono.
• Phimbani miphika ndi zojambulazo ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono opangidwamo kuti mpweya ulowemo.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuyika miphika pazenera zisanawonekere mphukira.... Poyamba kutuluka, kanemayo ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti pasakhale chinyezi chambiri, ndipo miphika iyenera kusamutsidwira pawindo.

Chofunikira pakupanga mizu yotheka, ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi ndikusankha mbande. Kutola ndikubzala mbande zazing'ono mu chidebe chokulirapo chokhala ndi dothi latsopano. Imachitika masamba awiri akawoneka.

Kukula chitsamba chaching'ono cha pelargonium, tsamba lachiwiri litatuluka, uzitsine pang'ono. Nthawi yamaluwa ya pelargonium ikafalikira ndi mbewu nthawi zambiri imayamba m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo dimba la geranium lomwe limakula kuchokera ku mbewu limayamba kuphulika chaka chamawa.

Onerani kanema wonena za kufalikira kwa pelargonium ndi mbewu:

Ndi matenda ati omwe amapezeka?

Chifukwa chosasunga zofunikira, kulima kwa pelargonium kumatha kudwala. Talingalirani zifukwa zazikulu zathanzi la chomeracho:

1. Chifukwa cha nthaka yodzaza madzi... Mizu yovunda pamene tsinde la mdima lasanduka mdima. Nkhungu yakuda (nkhungu pamasamba). Masamba ndi olefuka ndipo amagwa. Kutupa (mapadi amadzi pamasamba).
2. Kuchokera kuthirira kokwanira... Masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa. Mphepete mwa masamba obiriwira okha ndi omwe amauma.
3. Chifukwa chosowa kuwala... Masamba amagwa (ngakhale obiriwira). Zimayambira.
4. Kuchokera kumlengalenga wofunda kwambiri... Palibe maluwa, ngakhale chomeracho chikuwoneka chathanzi.
5. Kuchokera kutentha pang'ono... Kufiira kwa m'mphepete mwa masamba.

Pelargonium imamwalira pokhapokha ikakhudzidwa ndi mizu yowola, pomwe kuli bwino kuwononga chomeracho. Choyambitsa imvi sikuti chimangothilira kokha, komanso ndimatenda a fungus Botrytis, ndiye kuti chomeracho chikuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicide. Nthawi zina, ndikwanira kuchotsa magawo omwe awonongeka ndikuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Tizirombo tambiri

Tizirombo tambiri ta pelargonium ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ntchentche zoyera.... Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kachilombo kobiriwira, kotuwa kapena mtundu wakuda. Gulugufe amawoneka ngati gulugufe woyera woyera. Tizilombo tonse tomwe timapezeka pansi pamasambawo. Kukonzekera kwapadera kwa tizilombo, komwe kungagulidwe m'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa, kumathandiza kulimbana nawo.

Mutha kudziwa zambiri zamatenda ndi tizirombo ta pelargonium apa.

Pelargonium imayenera kukongoletsa nyumba iliyonse ndi maluwa ake owala bwino. M'mbuyomu, amadziwika kuti ndi chomera chambiri, ndipo ku Europe ndi United States, pelargonium yakula kwazaka zopitilira chimodzi.