Maluwa a Gloxinia: malangizo ndi chisamaliro choyenera kunyumba

Izi zimachitika kuti duwa lokongola modabwitsa limagwera m'manja mwathu, lomwe sitinadziwikebe. Mwina ndi mphatso, kapena chomera chogulidwa m'sitolo. Mulimonsemo, ndikufuna kusunga kukongola uku.

Chifukwa chake, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikudziwa bwino chomeracho. Pezani zomwe zimakonda komanso zomwe sizimavomereza. Munkhaniyi, tiphunzira za gloxinia, malamulo osamalira duwa kunyumba komanso zofunikira pantchito zofunika.

Zambiri zakunja ndi dzina lachiwiri

Maonekedwewo, kapena kani mtundu wa maluwa a gloxinia, akungokhalira kukongola kwawo kwachilendo. Maluwa akulu opita kumtunda amafanana ndi mabelu mawonekedwe, m'mbali mwake mokha ndizokhota. Imapezeka yoyera, pinki, yofiirira, yofiira, yofiirira komanso yachikasu

Ma Gloxinia ambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe pamakhala:

• Zodzikongoletsera ngati zingwe;
• kachidutswa kosiyanitsa, kapena sitiroko yayikulu m'mphepete mwa petal.

Masamba a Gloxinia ndi ovunda, velvety, akulu, obiriwira, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi nthaka. Ma peduncles ndi amaliseche. Chomeracho sichitali, masentimita 20-25. Tuberous rhizome. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala ku America kuchokera ku Brazil kupita ku Mexico, komanso ku Andes. Ndi wa banja la a Gesneriev.

Dzina lachiwiri la duwa ndi sinningia, polemekeza wofalitsa yemwe ankagwira ntchito, W. Sinning.

Zithunzi zazomera

Pansipa pali zithunzi za maluwa okongola awa.

Zofunikira pakatikati

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji duwa kunyumba? Chofunikira kwambiri ku gloxinia, monga chomera chilichonse, ndizofunikira kuti musunge:

1. Kutentha kozungulira chifukwa cha kukongola uku, chipinda wamba chimakhala choyenera kuyambira madigiri 18 mpaka 23. Nthawi yonseyi, gloxinia imafunikira kutsika mpaka madigiri 10-12. Ndikofunika kuteteza motsutsana ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha ndi ma drafti.
2. Chinyezi chamlengalenga Iyenera kukhala yoposa avareji, mpweya wouma umasokoneza maluwa ndi kukula kwa chomeracho.
3. Kuyatsa Nthawi yayitali imafunika, osachepera maola 12 patsiku, koma kuwala kuyenera kufalikira. Chifukwa chake, kuyatsa kowonjezera sikungapweteke. Chizindikiro cha kuyatsa kosakwanira ndi masamba omwe akwezedwa.
4. Nthaka chifukwa gloxinia iyenera kukhala yotayirira, yachonde. Kusakaniza kwa nthaka kwa ma violets ndi kuwonjezera kwa vermiculite ngati ufa wophika ndikoyenera. Mutha kudzitengera nokha dothi la masamba, peat ndi mchenga ndikuwonjezera pang'ono kompositi kapena manyowa owola.

   Zowonjezera ziyenera kukhala kuchuluka kwa 200 gr. 5 malita a nthaka. Adzapereka chakudya cha nayitrogeni kwa Gloxinia mpaka kubzala kwina. Mtsinje wa miyala yaying'ono, tchipisi ta njerwa kapena zinthu zina zoyenera ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi panthaka.
5. Mphamvu pa gloxinia, pamafunika pang'ono pang'ono pafupifupi 500-700 ml. Mphika uyenera kukhala waufupi koma wokwanira mokwanira kuti ugwirizane ndi kapangidwe ka mizu yake. Payenera kukhala mabowo pansi kuti athetse chinyezi chowonjezera.

Kutsirira koyenera

Kodi ndiyenera kupopera gloxinia? Kusamalira gloxinia, kuthirira kumachita gawo lofunikira ndipo kumafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Ndikofunika kuthirira, chiyani, nthawi yanji komanso kangati.

Chinthu chachikulu mu bizinesi iyi ndicholondola. Mukamwetsa, simungathe kufika pa chomeracho, ndipo makamaka, mkati mwa malo ndi malo okula... Izi zitha kupha gloxinia.

Ndikofunikira kupereka madzi mumtsinje woonda m'mphepete mwa mphika. Kapena gwiritsani kuthirira sump. Ndikokwanira kusunga chidebechi ndi chomeracho m'madzi kwa mphindi 10.

Madzi ayenera kukhala kutentha, osapitirira kapena otsika. Amayenera kuloledwa kukhazikika, makamaka kupopera, kuti chlorine ipite. Madzi omwe ali ndi kuuma kwakukulu sakuyenera kuthirira. Njira yabwino ndikusungunuka kapena madzi amvula, ngati zingatheke.

Muthirira liti? Kuthirira m'mawa kuli bwino kuposa kuthirira madzulo, chinyezi chapamwamba usiku chimalimbikitsa chitukuko cha matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuthirira kumayenera kutsogozedwa ndi nthaka. Iyenera kuuma pamwamba, koma osawuma konse.

Pakutha chilimwe, muyenera kuwonjezera nthawi pakati pakuthirira pang'ono kuti mubweretse nthawi yobzalayi.

Kupanga kwa Bush

Mitundu ina ya gloxinia imafalikira kawiri pachaka. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika motere: maluwa oyamba ndi Meyi-Juni, kenako kukonzekera, ndipo maluwa achiwiri - isanayambike nthawi yophukira. Pakukonzekera, pamafunika kudula chomera. Ngati gloxinia yanu ikuphulika nthawi zonse chilimwe, njirayi siyofunikira.

Kukonzekera kukonzanso maluwa:

1. Ma peduncles onse ndi masamba amadulidwa, kupatula 3-4 otsika kwambiri.
2. Gloxinia imamera ndi zokonzekera zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu.
3. Patangopita masiku ochepa, ma stepon akuwonekera. Mphukira zitatu zamphamvu kwambiri zimasankhidwa, zinazo zimadulidwa.
4. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa.

Kodi mungadule bwanji nthawi yozizira?

Gloxinia imalowa mu hibernation kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira... Titha kuwona kuti imadya madzi ochepa, ndipo mphukira ndi masamba zimayamba kufota. Izi ndi zochitika zachilengedwe zomwe siziyenera kuopedwa. Muyenera kupereka zofunikira pakadali pano.

Choyamba, amadula gawo lonse lakumlengalenga ikafota, kenako mutha kuchita izi m'njira ziwiri:

1. Ikani mphikawo ndi tuber kwa miyezi itatu m'malo amdima, ozizira, kukumbukira kuthira nthaka kawiri pamwezi. Kutentha koyenera ndi madigiri 10-15. M'nyumba, gloxinia imakhala bwino pansi pa bafa, kapena pamalo ena abwino.
2. Pakadutsa masiku 10-14 gawo lakumtunda litafa, muyenera kukumba mizu-tubers, yopanda nthaka. Kenaka, tuber imayikidwa m'thumba ndi chisakanizo cha nthaka ndi vermiculite. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga kapena utuchi. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti gawo lapansi ndilolimba pang'ono.

   Ndikosavuta kuwunika: Finyani dothi lochepa pang'ono ndi nkhonya komanso chopanda kanthu, chotupacho chitha kugwa, osangomamatira. Phukusili liyenera kusindikizidwa ndikuyika pakhomo la firiji.

Mutha kudziwa zambiri za nyengo yachisanu pano.

Kudzala tuber

Tazindikira kale malo a gloxinia ndi njira zofunika kusamalira, koma pali zina zomwe muyenera kudziwa.

Maphunziro

Timatulutsa tuber m'thumba kuchokera mufiriji. Tsegulani, perekani tuber ndi gawo lapansi ndi madzi. Tsekani mwamphamvu ndikuyiyika mu madigiri ofunda a 22-25 ndi malo owala kwambiri. Kenako timawona: Mphukira ziwoneka kamodzi ndi theka mpaka masabata awiri... Tuber imadzuka ndipo yakonzeka kubzalidwa pansi.

Ngati munasungira tuber mumphika, ndiye kuti ayenera kuchotsedwa m'nthaka, kutsukidwa, ndikupitilira momwemo. Tuber yodzutsidwa imabzalidwa m'nthaka yopangidwa mwatsopano.

Masitepe otsatira

Kutali muyenera kupereka chisamaliro choyenerakotero kuti chomeracho chimakula bwino ndikuphuka:

1. Timapereka zofunikira zonse - kutentha, chinyezi, kuyatsa. M'chaka, mudzafunikirabe kuyatsa kwina kwa maluwa pansi pa nyali kuti mupeze kutalika kwa nthawi ya masana maola 12-14.
2. Thirirani chomeracho moyenera. Choyamba, mukufunika madzi pang'ono, omwe kuchuluka kwake kumakulirakulira.
3. Gawo lobiriwira litangowonekera, patatha masiku 40-60 titabzala, timayamba kudyetsa ndi feteleza wamchere wamaluwa. Ziyenera kuphatikizapo phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi zinthu zina zofufuza. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri pamwezi mpaka kumapeto kwa maluwa.

   Manyowa a nayitrogeni amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mapangidwe a masamba kamodzi pakatha milungu iwiri. Komabe, pali chiopsezo kuti chomeracho chidzakhala wonenepa osati pachimake. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito konse. Njira ina ingakhale nthaka yachonde ndi kuthira manyowa kapena manyowa ovunda. Manyowa aliwonse amagwiritsidwa ntchito patatha maola angapo kuthirira.

4. Kupopera mbewu sizoletsedwa konse! Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera chinyezi, perekani mlengalenga mozungulira chomeracho. Chinyezi chomwe chatsekedwa pamasamba chimatha kuyambitsa matenda a fungus ndikuwononga mbewu.
5. Timayendera mbewu nthawi zonse ngati ili ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
6. Timapereka mpumulo m'miyezi 3-4 m'nthawi yozizira.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi matenda

Kuchenjezedwa kumakonzekereratu. Tiyeni tiwone zovuta zonse zomwe zingapezeke gloxinia.

Matenda:

• Tuber yovunda.

  Chinyezi chochuluka m'nthaka, feteleza wochuluka wa nayitrogeni, komanso madzi omwe agwera pakukula angayambitse mizu kuwonongeka. Chizindikiro ndikutsitsa masamba omwe samatuluka atathirira. Muyenera kukumba muzu, kuwunika.

  Ngati mfundo yomwe ikukulirayo iola, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchotsa zodulira zolimba kwambiri ndikuzisiya. Ngati zowola zili pamalo ena, ziyenera kudulidwa, ndipo muzuwo uyenera kusungidwa potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 15-20. Fukani ndi makala. Siyani tuber kuti iume kwa masiku atatu. Kenako mubwezeretse mumphika.

• Choipitsa cham'mbuyo.

  Poyamba, chomeracho chimangofota, kenako mbali zake zonse zapansi zimayamba kuvunda. Kuchedwa kupulumutsa, ndikofunikira kuchotsa maluwa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kuti mupulumutse mbewu zina zonse ku matenda.

• Fusarium.

  Mikwingwirima yakuda pa tsinde, mawanga abulauni pa kolala yazu ndi masamba ofiira ofota. Pokhapokha mutangoyambira kumene mungayesetse kuthana ndi matendawa pochiza ndi fungicide.

Tizilombo: tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tofiira. Pofufuza, tizilombo titha kupezeka pamtengo ndi kumbuyo kwa tsamba.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mlengalenga, chomwe tizirombo sakonda.

Mavuto ena:

1. Kugwa masamba. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa masana ndi kusowa kwa zinthu zina.
2. Kufiira kwamasamba kumachitika ndikusowa kwa phosphorous.
3. Masamba achikaso ndi chizindikiro chothirira kwambiri komanso kusowa kwa nayitrogeni.
4. Masamba oyera amawonetsa kuchepa kwa magnesium.
5. Kutambasula kwa masamba kumachitika munthawi ya chinyezi chotsika.
6. Maonekedwe a madontho osiyanasiyana osakhala opatsirana amatha kukhala chifukwa cha kutentha kwa dzuwa, madzi ozizira othirira kapena ma drafts.
7. Kuletsa kukula kwa mbewu ndi maluwa opunduka kumawonetsa kutentha kotsika kwambiri kwa mpweya.
8. Ma peduncles otsika, masamba opindika, masamba osakhazikika amatha kukhala chifukwa chakuthirira kwambiri.
9. Kuwonongeka kwa masamba ndi petioles kumachitika ndikuthirira kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa acidity ya nthaka komanso kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni.
10. Kuperewera kwamaluwa kumachitika chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera, kusowa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kusatsata mndende.

Mapeto

Gloxinia si "chete" pakati pazomera zamkati. Amakhala wopanda chidwi ndipo amafuna chidwi chowonjezeka. Komabe, palibe chosatheka pomusamalira. Tsatirani zikhalidwe ndi malamulo onse kuti kukongola kwachilendo kumeneku kusadwale ndikusangalatsani ndi maluwa ake osangalatsa.

Onerani kanemayo: Gloxinia May - June 2015 HD (July 2024).