Kusamalira begonia wamaluwa wobiriwira: momwe mungamere chomera chodyeramo m'nyumba ndi panja?
Zomera zamtunduwu zimatchedwa "maluwa nthawi zonse" kapena "zimakhala maluwa" nthawi zonse, ndipo begonias amatsatiradi mayinawa.
Mumikhalidwe yabwino, njira yopangira maluwa imatha chaka chonse.
Maluwa amenewa ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mtundu wa masamba ndi maluwa kotero kuti munthu yemwe adawadabwitsa koyamba sangamvetse kuti ichi ndi chomeracho.
Ku England, duwa limatchedwa "sera begonia", chifukwa cha kuwala kwapadera kwa masamba.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, maluwa opangira zokongoletsera a begonia adawonedwa ku Berlin, m'munda wamaluwa. Anabweretsedwa kumeneko kuchokera ku Brazil mu 1821. Kuyambira pano, kulima kwa mbewuyo kudayamba. Pambuyo pake, chimodzichimodzi, mitundu yatsopano ndi mitundu ina yamtundu wosakanizidwa. Zambiri obereketsa ku Denmark ndi France adathandizira kuti "kusintha" kwa begonia.
Mitundu yambiri yosakanizidwa yomwe imapangidwa nthawi imeneyo imapeza ntchito yake lero. Mwachitsanzo, a Philippe begonia okhala ndi maluwa apinki amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malire, ndipo mitundu yayitali ya begonias imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza malo akumatauni. Pakadali pano, sayansi ikudziwa mitundu yoposa 600 yamaluwa begonias. Chomera chomwe chimakhala maluwa nthawi zonse ndi chosakanizika chovuta. Mitundu yambiri idagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga.
Chomeracho ndi chitsamba, kutalika kwa 40 cm. Masamba ali ndi kuwala kosazolowereka, mithunzi yawo ndi yosiyana, kuyambira wobiriwira wobiriwira mpaka burgundy, bulauni. Masambawo ndi ozungulira, osakanikirana.
Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, koma ambiri. Mtunduwo ndi woyera, wachikaso, lalanje, apurikoti, pinki, wofiira, wofiyira. Mawonekedwe amafanana ndi inflorescence ya peonies, maluwa. Ma inflorescence ali ndi mawonekedwe awiri komanso osavuta.
Zosiyanasiyana
Maluwa begonia hybrids amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana., yosiyana mitundu, mawonekedwe a masamba ndi maluwa, kutalika kwa maluwa, kukula kwake. Ponena za gawo lomaliza, mbewu zimagawidwa ndi kutalika:
- Mitengo yochepa "Albert Martin", "Bicola", "Bella".
- Wapakatikati "Karmen", "Othello".
- Wamtali "Alba", "Kathe Teisher".
Albert Martin:
Bicola:
Bella:
Karmen:
Othello:
Alba:
Kathe Teisher:
Payokha, ndikufuna kuwunikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya terry begonia. Zimakopa chidwi chapadera, amati chomerachi chimakhala ndi zamatsenga. Kunja terry begonia ndi semi-shrub wokhala ndi masamba ambiri osema.
Maluwawo ndi ofiira, okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamithunzi. Malire apadera pamtsinjewo, chifukwa chomwe begonia adalandira dzina lotere, zimapangitsa kuti likhale losakhwima komanso nthawi yomweyo limapereka umunthu wina. Terry begonias amakondedwanso ndi opanga malo, nthawi zambiri amawonjezera maluwa ndikukhala "gawo lalikulu". Mutha kudziwa zambiri za terry begonia, momwe mungachitire ndikubzala ndikusamalira kunyumba.
Chithunzi
Chithunzi cha terry begonia wamba komanso wamkulu kunyumba chimaperekedwa pansipa.
Zonse:
Makhovaya:
Malamulo osamalira
Mitundu yokongoletsa yamaluwa imakula kunyumba komanso kutchire. Zigawo zina ndizofunikira mdera lililonse.
Zipinda zapakhomo
Ayenera kutsatira maboma awa:
Kutentha
Kufalikira kwa begonia, ndi zabwino zake zonse, kuli ndi vuto - thermophilicity. M'chilimwe, kutentha m'chipindacho kuyenera kukhala pakati pa + 20-24 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, magawo ofunikira ndi + 18-20 ° С. Zojambula ziyeneranso kuchotsedwa, makamaka panthawi yopuma. Kutentha kwa + 16 ° C kumawonedwa ngati kosayenera kwa duwa.
Zofunika! Chomera chitsamba chiyenera kutetezedwa, ndi mizu kuchokera ku hypothermia.
Kuwala
Maluwa amtundu wosatha amalekerera chilimwe, kutentha. Kukhalapo kwa kuwala kowala ndikofunikira kwa iwo. Komabe, onetsetsani kuti mpweya ukuyenda bwino mchipinda. Zambiri, begonias ayenera kuikidwa pazenera loyang'ana kummawa ndi kumadzulo. Malinga ndi wamaluwa ambiri, begonias ndi okwanira maola 8 masana kuti akule bwino.
Chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pakuwonekera kwa mbewuyo, popanda kuwala, mtundu wa duwa umakhala wolimba, ndipo inflorescence ndi ochepa. Chifukwa chake, posintha mawonekedwe a duwa, pangafunike kulumikiza kuyatsa kowonjezera, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira.
Chinyezi
Begonia, ngakhale idakhazikika nyengo yotentha, ndi makolo ake ochokera kumayiko ena, komwe nyengo imakhala yotentha komanso yanyontho. Kotero ndi mpweya wouma m'nyumba, chomeracho chimayamba kufota, masamba amauma.
Malire ochepera chinyezi mchipindacho akuyenera kusungidwa pa 60%. Osapopera masamba ndi madzi.
Nthaka ndi kubzala zofunikira
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chilichonse, nyengo isanakwane, begonia amaikidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, amadula ndikubzala m'nthaka yolemera ndi mchere. Pambuyo pake, amadyetsedwa nthawi zonse, kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri ndikusungidwa pazenera lowala. Kuti mukonze nthaka, tengani magawo ofanana a sod, nthaka yowonongeka ndi mchenga.
Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa matenda am'fungulo omwe amabwera ndi nthaka, chilichonse mwazigawo zake ziyenera kuwerengedwa kwa mphindi 30. Perlite kapena vermiculite amagwira ntchito ngati ufa wophika..
Musaiwale za kusanjikiza kwa ngalande, komwe kumatha kupulumutsa mbewu ngati madzi akubwera. Ma begonias ang'onoang'ono amasankhidwa. Kupatula apo, chomeracho chimakhala ndi mizu yomwe sichikukula, yomwe imaphimba malo omwe adakonzedweratu. Mphika watsopanowo uyenera kukhala wokulirapo 1-2 cm kuposa wakale uja.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi momwe begonia wobzalidwa nthawi zonse amabzalidwira ndikuzisamalira kunyumba komanso kuthengo zitha kupezeka pano.
Kuthirira
Chomeracho sichifuna kuthirira mwamphamvu. M'nyengo yotentha, muyenera kuthirira nthaka yomwe ili mumphika wamaluwa ikadzaza ndi kutumphuka kowuma. Chitani izi mosamala kuti chinyezi chowonjezera chisapezeke pamasamba. Ndi madzi owonjezera, njira yowola imayamba. Madzi othirira ayenera kukhala ofewa, oyera, opanda zodetsa ndi mchere.
Chomeracho ndi thermophilic kotero kuti imayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda.
Zovala zapamwamba
Chimodzi mwazofunikira pakusamalidwa mwanzeru ndi chakudya cha chomeracho ndi zinthu zothandiza. Kufalikira kwa begonias nthawi zonse kumafunikira kudyetsa, chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri panthawi yamaphukira ndikudzi maluwa yokha. Pakadali pano, feteleza amchere omwe ali ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous ambiri amafunika.
Zima sizimasiyidwa. Pali ma feteleza apadera a maluwa achisanu omwe amagulitsidwa. M'chaka, pakukula, mchere wovuta uyenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Feteleza ayenera kusankhidwa kuti azikongoletsa mitundu yamaluwa. Kukonzekera "Zircon", "Master for maluwa maluwa", "Epin" siabwino. Zofunika. Musanagwiritse ntchito feteleza, nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa. Kupanda kutero, mizu ya maluwa imatha kupsa ndi mankhwala.
Kutchire
Chomera chomera herbaceous begonia chimakulira panja mumsewu. Maluwawo amakhala omasuka mumthunzi wazitsamba kapena mitengo... Koma ngakhale pamalo otseguka, mabedi amaluwa adzawonetsa mikhalidwe yawo yokongoletsa bwino, yomwe wamaluwa amayamikira. Nthaka imakonda kutayirira, kupumira, osati wowawasa. Amafunika kuthirira pang'ono, ndipo nthawi yotentha ndikofunikira kusisita tsiku lililonse.
Mutabzala pansi, ndikofunikira kuyidyetsa milungu iwiri iliyonse ndi mchere ndi feteleza. Kutchire, namsongole amatha kusokoneza kukula kwathunthu. Nthawi zonse amafunika kuzulidwa ndi kumasulidwa pafupi ndi maluwa.
Zofunika! Begonia amawopa nyengo yozizira, ngakhale chisanu chaching'ono chimamupweteketsa, chifukwa chake, ndikumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, chomeracho chikuyenera kusamutsidwa kupita kuchipinda chofunda komanso chowala.
Kuswana
Mitundu yamitundu iyi yokhala ndi maluwa osavuta, osalala imafalikira ndi mbewu.... Mbeu ndizocheperako, ndiye mutha kuzisakaniza ndi mchenga ndikufesa. Njira yobzala iyenera kuyamba kumapeto kwa February.
Mbewu imafesedwa mu chidebe ndi nthaka isanakwane. Pambuyo pa moisten pang'ono, kuphimba ndi galasi kapena kanema wowonekera. Pakatentha + 22-24 ° C, mbande zidzawoneka masabata 2-3.
Amakula pang'onopang'ono poyamba, ndipo pakapita nthawi, amakula mofulumira komanso mofulumira. Kuti mufulumizitse chitukuko, ndi bwino kuwonjezera mbande. Mphukira zazing'ono zimabzalidwa pansi kumapeto kwa chisanu usiku, pomwe zizikhala zofunda. Pafupifupi masabata 18-20 mutamera, chomeracho chimayamba kuphuka.
Njira ina yoberekera begonias ndi kudula. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, gawo loyamba lisanakwane, begonia imadulidwa. Mphukira imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu. Kenako amayikidwa m'madzi kapena gawo lapansi.
Ndikofunika kupereka cuttings ndi wowonjezera kutentha. Ayenera kukhala m'chipinda chamthupi ndi kutentha kotsika kuposa + 20 ° C. Mizu ikaswa, chomeracho chitha kuikidwa m'miphika.
Mutha kudziwa zambiri za kubereketsa kwa begonia komwe kumatulutsa maluwa nthawi zonse komanso chisamaliro cha duwa pano.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Wolemba maluwa aliyense amadziwa kuti ngakhale maluwawo atuluka mosiyanasiyana, amafunikira diso ndi diso, apo ayi simudzakhala m'mavuto. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi zinthu zolakwika za chomeracho.
Malangizo amauma kaye, kenako pepala lonse - begonias alibe chinyezi chokwanira panthaka komanso mlengalenga. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse ndikuchepetsa chipinda.
- Mtundu wotuwa, mphukira yofikira kuunika onetsani kusowa kwa dzuwa.
- Ngati masamba akupiringa ndikusinthaIzi zikutanthauza kuti begonias akusowa michere.
- Kuwonongeka kwa mizu, tsinde, masamba amalankhula za kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, komwe kumabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda a fungal, imvi zowola. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, gwiritsani ntchito njira zapadera za fungicides, komanso 1% Bordeaux madzi.
- Malo a bakiteriya - matendawa ndi owopsa kwa begonias. Chomeracho chimadzazidwa ndi mawanga amadzi, omwe posachedwa amasandulika, ndipo inflorescence ndi mphukira zimakhala zakuda. Pofuna kuchiza matendawa, nthaka imathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
- Kutentha kwambiri komanso kusowa kokwanira mpweya wabwino zimayambitsa kukula kwa powdery mildew, yomwe imadziwika ndi pachimake choyera pamasamba a begonia. Ngati simunatenge nthawi, chomeracho chimauma, kuyambira masamba. Ndi tsoka lofananalo, amathandizidwanso ndi fungicides.
Tizilombo monga nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za kangaude zimatha kubweretsanso mavuto kwa begonias.... Amadyetsa kukhuthala kwa chomeracho. Tizilombo timapezeka kumbuyo kwa tsamba. Mutha kuwachotsa pochiza masambawo ndi njira yothetsera fodya kapena chamomile. Komanso njira yothanirana nayo ndikukonzekera mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Chitani njira zothanirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mpaka zitatheratu.
Zokongoletsera za begonias ndi zomera zokongola. Pali chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chimakwiyitsa - kukhazikika kwawo. Patatha zaka zingapo, chomeracho chimasiya kukongoletsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti duwa liyenera kutsitsidwanso nthawi zonse, ndipo musachite mantha kuchulukitsa. Ndiyeno, begonia idzakondwera ndi kukongola kwake kosaposa.