Momwe makangaza amakulira. Makhalidwe othandiza komanso mawonekedwe a makangaza

Kugula zipatso zabwino m'sitolo, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadzifunsa momwe makangaza amakulira m'chilengedwe komanso kunyumba. Zipatsozi zimadzetsa mayanjano ndi kumwera kotentha komanso kotentha, pomwe zipatso zofiira ndi zofiira zili ngati moto, zimapereka kutentha m'nyengo yozizira yozizira komanso kukumbukira mitundu yosangalatsa ya chilimwe.

Mbiri pang'ono

Kalelo, mbewu za makangaza zinakopa anthu ambiri. Ku Roma, chifukwa cha njere, chipatsocho chidatchedwa malumgranatum, chomwe m'Chilatini chimatanthauza "apulo wobiriwira", chifukwa chake dzina lachi Russia - makangaza.

Munthawi ya ma farao akulu aku Egypt, makangaza adakula ku Carthage (dera lamakono la Tunisia). Chifukwa chake, Aroma amatcha chipatso punicus kapena malumpunicum - Punic (Carthaginian) kapena "Punic apple".

Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mu 825 BC Afoinike adakhazikitsa Carthage, ndipo asanakhale m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean (gombe lamakono la Syria ndi Lebanon). Kuchokera m'malo amenewa anabweretsa mbande za makangaza. Carthage unali umodzi mwamizinda yotsogola yamalonda, yomwe idakwiyitsa kwambiri Aroma, ndipo atatenga Carthage, ndikuipukuta pankhope ya dziko lapansi, ndi makangaza okha omwe adapulumuka.

Makangaza anali kulemekezedwa ndipo amadziwika kuti "mfumu" yazipatso, chifukwa kunja kwake kumasiyana ndi zipatso zina, popeza mandawo amafanana ndi korona. Amakhulupirira kuti adakhala prototype ya mutu waukulu wamfumu.

Titha kungoganiza kuti ndi ntchito iti yomwe idawononga nzika zaku North Africa kulima chipatso chabwino pansi pa dzuwa lopanda chifundo la ku Africa. Makangaza amakula kumadera otentha ndi kotentha; Ndiwothandiza kwambiri kulima m'malo omwe nyengo yake imakhala yotentha komanso yopanda nyengo.

Pakadali pano, makangaza amakula kwambiri ku Crimea, kumwera kwa Krasnodar Territory, kumadera otentha a North Caucasus. Kunena zowona, imapezekabe kuthengo lero, mwachitsanzo, ku Transcaucasus. Apa amatha kuwonedwa pagulu laling'ono lapaini kapena thundu, m'malo otsetsereka amiyala ndi madambo amchere. Amalimidwa ku Central Asia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, ndi Mediterranean.

Makhalidwe othandiza ndi mawonekedwe a makangaza

Maluwa a makangaza amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsalu. Amakhala ndi utoto wambiri wopangira utoto.

Zopindulitsa za makangaza ndizofunika kwambiri, zipatsozo zimakhala ndi mavitamini, zofufuza, mchere. Madziwo amakhala ndi shuga ndi shuga, pafupifupi 10% zidulo, ndi ma tanins ambiri.

Zipatso zamakangaza zimathetsa ludzu, zimathandizira kudya, zimalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso makoma am'mitsempha, zimapangitsa kuti magazi apange. Madzi a makangaza amalimbikitsidwa matenda amtima, amawongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi, amatsuka chiwindi, komanso amathandiza kuthana ndi kukhumudwa. Madzi ake amalimbikitsidwa matenda ashuga. Ngati amamwa pang'ono tsiku lililonse, shuga m'magazi amachepetsa tsiku lachinayi.

Peel imakonda kuwawa, koma ndimakonzedwe abwino am'mimba okwiya, ndipo decoction kuchokera peel ndi anti-yotupa yabwino kwambiri yakuphwanya.

Milatho yomwe imalekanitsa mbewu zamakangaza imawumitsidwa ndikuwonjezeredwa ku tiyi kuti zithandizire kuthetsa tulo, nkhawa komanso kusakhazikika. Mafupawa amatulutsa matumbo ndipo ndiye mafuta amtengo wapatali kwambiri a makangaza, omwe ali ndi mavitamini F ndi E ambiri, oteteza thupi ku khansa ndikulimbikitsa kukonzanso.

Pophika, makamaka ku Caucasus, amagwiritsa ntchito makangaza osungunuka kapena owiritsa ngati zokometsera zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Kaya ndi nyama kapena ndiwo zamasamba, kukoma kwake kudzakhala kwapadera.

Kukula makangaza m'chilengedwe

Makangaza amakonda kuwala kowala ndipo amafuna kuyatsa kopanda mthunzi. Ngati akuwona kuti akusowa kuwala, sangaphulike. Pofuna kucha zipatso, nthawi yotentha yayitali komanso yotentha imafunika, osati nyengo yozizira kwambiri komanso yochepa, popeza chomeracho chimatha kupirira kutentha kosachepera -12 madigiri.

Makangaza amabzalidwa ndi mbewu, zodula, kuyala ndikumezanitsa mbande. Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu ndizovuta, zovuta komanso zazitali. Njira yabwino ndiyo kugula mmera wokonzedwa bwino kenako ndikuulima. Mmera umabzalidwa pamalo omwe umatha kufikira kuwala kwa dzuwa. Thirirani chomeracho 2-3 pa sabata m'mwezi woyamba mutabzala, ndiye kuthirira kumachepetsa 1 nthawi pasabata.

Zipatso za makangaza zimadalira mmera. Ngati phesi kapena kudula, zimatenga zaka 6-7 kudikirira zokolola, ndipo ngati mmera uli wolimba, zipatso zoyamba zidzawonekera mchaka chachitatu mutabzala. Chomeracho chimafikira zipatso zake pazaka 8-10.

Mtengo umakhala zaka pafupifupi 50-70, koma pali zitsamba zazitali. M'mapaki a Paris, makangaza amakula, omwe amabala zipatso kwazaka zopitilira 200, ndi ku Azerbaijan - kwa zaka zoposa 100. Pali mitundu yosawerengeka yomwe ili pafupifupi zaka mazana atatu.

Makangaza ndiwodzichepetsa kwambiri kotero kuti amakula pafupifupi panthaka iliyonse. Imakula modabwitsa panthaka ndi acidic pakatentha ndi dzuwa. Ndi ya banja la shrub ndipo imakula mpaka 6 mita kutalika.

Ngati timalankhula za kubzala mbewu kwa mafakitale, ndiye kuti dothi limakonzedwa mwanjira zakale - choyamba, mbewu za pachaka zimalimidwa, zomwe zimalimidwa ngati fetereza, amatchedwa manyowa wobiriwira. Kenako feteleza amathiridwa, manyowa amawonjezeredwa, kulima mozama nthaka (kubzala) kumachitika ndi mapulawo apadera, maenje amabowedwa ndikubzala musanadzalemo. Likukhalira nazale kwa makangaza. Mbande zomwe zimapezeka m'minda imeneyi zimayambira bwino panyumba.

Kanema

Timalima makangaza munyumba yawo yachilimwe

Makangaza amathanso kulimidwa munyumba yachilimwe ngati nthaka ili yachonde. Amakumba dzenje lokulira masentimita 60x60x60, pansi pake pamayikapo dothi lokwanira, popeza lili lachonde kwambiri, amaika mmera, amauika m'manda ndi kuuthirira.

Ngati nthaka ndi yolemera, yolimba, yopanda mpweya wabwino, imalangizidwa kuwonjezera mchenga wamtsinje, ndipo ngati dothi ndi lamchenga - nthaka yachonde. Mukamabzala, feteleza amchere, manyowa kapena humus sayenera kulowetsedwa mu dzenje; izi zimachitika pasanathe miyezi itatu musanadzalemo.

Mbande zaikidwa m'manda masentimita 10 poyerekeza ndi momwe zimakulira mu nazale. Izi zimachitika kuti mizu yowonjezera ipangidwe, ndipo zomerazo zimazika mizu bwino. Ndi bwino kukonza mbandezo pamtunda wa madigiri 45 molunjika mzere, womwe mtsogolo mwake ungakhale kosavuta kuphimba tchire m'nyengo yozizira.

1. Mutabzala, sungani bwino ndikudzaza dothi mozungulira mmera kuti musapewe.
2. Pambuyo pa tsiku limodzi, madzi ndi mulch nthaka ndi masamba kapena utuchi wakuda (theka lawola).
3. Thirirani mbande kamodzi pa sabata. Dyetsani ndi foliar njira ndi kristalo pa tsamba, mu Meyi ndi Juni. Kwa malita 10 a madzi (chidebe) - 15-20 magalamu a feteleza ndi okwanira maekala 10.
4. Kristalon imalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu ndi maluwa bwino, ndiwothandiza kwambiri pankhani zachuma komanso kusamalira zachilengedwe.
5. Nthaka imalimidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, kuchotsa namsongole.

Sangalalani makangaza mu Novembala. Zitsambazo ndizopendekeka, zomangirizidwa pamtengo, zomwe zimayima mosalekeza, ndipo zimaponya nthaka ndi fosholo yomwe ili m kanjira. Ndikhulupirireni, zonsezi zidzaperekedwa mphotho zana, pamene tchire lidzakhala lokoma ndi zonunkhira, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, mukakondwerera Chaka Chatsopano, mutha kulandira alendo ndi zipatso zanu zamakangaza!

Momwe mungamere makangaza kunyumba

Mwa obereketsa, okonda mbewu zapakhomo, chotchuka kwambiri ndi khangaza laling'ono, lomwe limayamba kuphulika mchaka cha moyo wakuba.

• Chombo chaching'ono koma chachikulu chimayenera kubzala makangaza, popeza chomeracho chimakhala ndi mizu yotukuka. Nthaka imatengedwa pang'ono acidic.
• Ndikosavuta kulima makangaza ngakhale pazenera ngati pali kutentha kwambiri ndi dzuwa.
• Maluwawo amakhala bwino kwambiri pafupifupi pamutu pake, koma kulibe ambiri panyumba, ndipo zipatso za khangaza laling'ono ndizochepa, masentimita 5-6.

Sikuti aliyense akhoza kudzitama ndi mtengo wamakangaza pazenera, womwe umakwaniritsa makataniwo ndikukongoletsa mkati.

Korona wa chomeracho amapangidwa kawiri pachaka, mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira. Kudulira nthawi yophukira kumakhala kolimba kuposa kudulira masika. Amawunikiranso momwe chinyezi chilili, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa. M'nyengo yotentha, mphika umatengedwa kupita ku khonde kapena loggia, ndipo nyengo yozizira ikayamba, imachotsedwa m'chipinda chozizira (panthawiyi masamba amagwa). Kutentha kokwanira nyengo yachisanu ndi pafupifupi madigiri 15. Kuvala pamwamba sikofunikira m'nyengo yozizira. Popeza tchire "limagona", kuthirira kumakhala kochepa, koma salola kuti nthaka iume. M'chaka, masamba achichepere atangowonekera, kudyetsa kumayambiranso.

Malangizo a Kanema

Momwe mungamere makangaza kuchokera ku mbewu

Funso la momwe mungakulire makangaza kuchokera pamwala ndilofunika kwa ambiri. Yankho la wamaluwa nthawi zonse limakhala losavuta: ndizotheka, kungokhala kotalika komanso kovuta. Ndikosavuta kulima chomera kuchokera ku cuttings.

1. Peelani makangaza msanga. Njira yabwino ngati mungakwanitse kupeza zipatso za mtengo womwe umakulira kunyumba, chifukwa palibe chomwe chimabwera kuchokera kwa omwe agulidwa.
2. Tulutsani mbewu (mukamabzala, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, osati mafinya) ndikumauma. Nthawi zambiri tsiku limakhala lokwanira.
3. Njerezo zaviikidwa mumkaka kapena m'madzi (kuti zimere bwino). Ena amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopatsa mphamvu zokula msanga.

Zosankha zobzala mbewu kunyumba ndizosiyanasiyana. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti njere siziyenera kuviika, makamaka mkaka. Mbewu zikakonzeka kuti zibzalidwe, timafesa pansi, titamasula kale ndikuthira. Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito dothi lokonzekera maluwa kapena mbande.

Atatsika, mbale zimakutidwa ndi zokutira pulasitiki kuti zizipangitsa kutentha ndikuziyika pamalo otentha, koma osati owala. Muyenera kudikirira pafupifupi sabata. Mphukira zikawonekera, chotsani kanemayo, ndikusamutsa chomeracho pamalo pomwe padzuwa. Sikovuta kusamalira makangaza, chinthu chachikulu ndikuthirira, kudyetsa, nthawi ndi nthawi kuchotsa kukula kopitilira muyeso ndikupanga korona.

Ngati mukufuna kuti makangaza abereke zipatso, musabzale mumphika waukulu. Sankhani chidebe chomwe chikufanana ndendende kukula kwa mpira wapadziko lapansi. Ichi ndi gawo lina la makangaza, akamalimbitsa mbale, mitsuko yopatsa zipatso.

Munda wamaluwa aliyense yemwe amalima makangaza m'munda ndi woyenera ulemu, ndipo ngati chomeracho chimalimidwa kunyumba, mumakhala chosowa kwenikweni. Mukatola zipatso, mutha kupanga biscuit wokoma kapena kufinya madzi.

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