Chofunika kwambiri pamaluwa okongola a cotyledon: mitundu, mawonekedwe a kubereka ndi chisamaliro

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Cotyledon ndi chomera chomwe mwanzeru chapeza malo olemekezeka m'magulu am'maluwa, chifukwa chodzichepetsa. Imatha kukongoletsa mkati kwanthawi yayitali, osafunikira chidziwitso chakuya cha chisamaliro.

Kuti mukule bwino, ndikwanira kungotsatira zofunikira: kuwala, kuthirira, kutentha, nthaka, feteleza. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudziwa zovuta zomwe mungakumane nazo: matenda, tizirombo.

Tidzakambirana za izi mopitilira. Komanso, tiyeni tikambirane zamitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi.

Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane

Chomera ichi ndi chiyani ndipo kwawo ndi kuti?

Cotyledon ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri wosangalala ndi banja la Tolstyankov, wochokera ku Africa. Mwachilengedwe, chomeracho chimagawidwa kuchokera ku Ethiopia kupita ku South Africa. Kufotokozera kwa botanical Maonekedwe a zonunkhira awa akhoza kukhala rosette kapena bushy. Masamba athupi lozungulira, oval, rhombic kapena lanceolate amakhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuyambira wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso wonyezimira, kukhala wabuluu komanso wofiyira.

Tsamba limatha kukhala la monochromatic kapena la variegated. Pamwamba pake nthawi zonse imakhala ndi malo odyera kapena zokutira zoyera. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi malire.

Masamba amakonzedwa awiriawiri motsatira nthambi za mnofu ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi masamba ofupikira kwambiri, kapena opanda petioles konse. Mtundu wa zimayambira umasiyanasiyana mtundu wofanana ndi masamba ake. Pamene ikukula, tsinde limauma. Makungwa a bulauni amapangidwa. Chomeracho chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 30-70. Kukula pachaka kumakhala kochepa. Chomera chokoma chimakhala ndi mizu yopanda pake.

Nthawi yamaluwa ya cotyledon imayamba kuyambira Marichi mpaka Ogasiti. Pamalo othamanga kwambiri, maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi ma tubular okhala ndi m'mbali zopindika amasonkhanitsidwa paniculate inflorescence. Masamba ngati mabelu othothoka okhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino. Mitundu yowala komanso yosiyanasiyana. Kuyambira wachikaso mpaka wofiirira.

Pamakalata. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwakunja, ma cotyledon amatha kuthana ndi ntchito iliyonse yokongoletsa malo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yazomera komanso nyimbo zamitundu ingapo.

Zosiyanasiyana: malongosoledwe ndi chithunzi

Mitundu yotsatirayi imadziwika kuti ndi yotchuka kwambiri.

Ndinamverera

Konzani chitsamba chokwanira mpaka 15 cm. Amawombera ndi masamba ambiri obiriwira. Zimayambira ndi masamba okutidwa ndi villi yoyera yoyera. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, mtundu uwu umatchedwa phazi la chimbalangondo chifukwa cha zofiira zofiira zomwe zimayang'ana m'mphepete mwa tsamba, ngati zikhomo za nyama. Amamasula ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ofiira. Mantha inflorescence, okwera pamwamba pa chitsamba.

Wavy (Undulata)

Kabukhu kakang'ono ka nthambi kakang'ono mpaka masentimita 80. Masambawo amachititsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yokongola kwambiri. Woboola diamondi wokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy. Pamwamba pa mbaleyo pamakhala zokutira zoyera. Phukusi locheperako lokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yokhala ndi ambulera inflorescence. Mikwingwirima imawonekeranso pamitundu yachikaso kapena ya lalanje.

Wofanana ndi mtengo

Mtengo wawung'ono wopitilira 1.2 m kutalika, wopangidwa ndi "nthambi" zambiri. Masamba ake ndi ozungulira komanso otambalala. Malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana, mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira wachikasu. Anthu amatcha chomera ichi mtengo wamtengo. Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri, zitha kubweretsa chitukuko m'nyumba.

Levisia Eliza (lewisia cotyledon)

Chomeracho ndi chitsamba chokhala ndi masamba ambiri, kutalika kwa masamba payokha kumatha kufikira masentimita 15. Mphepete mwake ndi wavy pang'ono ndipo amakhala ndi ofiira. Masamba a Levisia amaphimba nthaka. Mawonekedwe ofiira a pinki okhala ndi masamba ambiri amapezeka pamiyendo yolimbitsa thupi yomwe ili pakatikati pa masamba a rosettes.

Anamaliza

Zitsamba zazitali mpaka masentimita 90. Zimayambira zimakhala ndi masamba a mawonekedwe osangalatsa, ambiri amafanana ndi machubu osalala. Masamba ndi obiriwira-ofiira ndi utoto wofiira mozungulira m'mbali mwake. Ambulera inflorescence yokhala ndi masamba owala imapangidwa pa peduncle kutalika kwa 30 cm.

Saxifrage

Chomeracho ndi semi-shrub. Otsika ndi masamba osalala a lanceolate omwe amapanga ma roseti oyandikira. Masambawo ndi osongoka ndikuphimbidwa ndi mulu wandiweyani. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi Juni. Masamba oyera oyera amapanga paniculate inflorescence yomwe ili pamtunda wautali.

Colloidal

Chitsamba chaching'ono chopangidwa ndi zimayambira nthambi pansi. Chifukwa chakuti zimayambira ndi zopindika pang'ono ndipo zimakutidwa ndi masamba ofiira, chomeracho chimafanana ndi malilime amalawi akutali. Paniculate inflorescence, pa peduncles 30 cm kutalika, wopangidwa ndi maluwa ofiira kapena lalanje.

Zosamalira

Kuyatsa

Kuyatsa kwa cotyledon kumafunikira kowala komanso kwakanthawi. Pokhapokha ngati izi zakwaniritsidwa, chomeracho chimakondweretsa diso ndi maluwa. Popanda kuyatsa, mphukira imayamba kuchepa komanso kuzimiririka, ndipo masamba amakhala ochepa, amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa.

Kusankha mipando

Yankho labwino kwambiri ndikuyika cotyledone pazenera lowala. M'chilimwe, chomeracho chimalandira mosangalala kutuluka nacho panja. Zimayambira idzauma ndipo mtundu wa masambawo udzasintha.

Kutentha

M'nyengo yachilimwe-chilimwe, kayendedwe ka kutentha kwa cotyledon kumatha kusiyanitsidwa. Chomeracho chimalekerera kutentha bwino komanso kusintha kwakung'ono kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira, cotyledon, monga zomera zonse zokoma, imafuna kupumula. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuti muziyika m'chipinda chowala bwino, momwe kutentha kumakhala pa 10-15 degrees Celsius.

Chinyezi chamlengalenga

Nsalu za Cotyledon zimaperekedwa ndi chinyezi chawo, chifukwa chake chinyezi mchipindamo zilibe kanthu kwa iye. Mpweya wouma ndi wachilengedwe kwa cotyledone m'chilengedwe, choncho, palibe chifukwa chokwanira kuwonjezera chinyezi mchipindacho kapena kupopera chomeracho.

Zofunika! Sitikulimbikitsidwa kukhudza masamba ndi manja anu, chifukwa mutha kuwononga chikwangwani chomwe chimateteza chomeracho kuti chisasanduke chinyezi.

Kuthirira

Nyengoyi imakhudza kufunika kothirira cotyledon. M'nyengo yozizira, yomwe imayamba kuyambira Novembala mpaka Januware, chomeracho sichiyenera kuthiriridwa. Mu February ndi Marichi, pafupipafupi kuthirira nthawi 1-2 pamwezi, ndipo kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala, kamodzi pa sabata. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dothi limakhala ndi nthawi youma mpaka pansi pamphika.

Kukonzekera kwa nthaka

Kuti mupeze nthaka yovomerezeka yobzala cotyledon, mutha kugula dothi lokonzedwa bwino la cacti ndi zomera zokoma ndikuwonjezera mchenga, kapena konzekerani dothi nokha. Podzikonzekeretsa muyenera:

osakaniza dothi - gawo limodzi;
mchenga wonyezimira - magawo 0,5;
miyala yoyera - magawo 0,5;
nthaka ya sod - gawo limodzi;
malo osindikizira - gawo limodzi;
peat - gawo limodzi;
mchenga - magawo 0,5.

Nthaka isakhale yolemera.

Kudulira

Kudulira nthawi zonse sikofunikira ku cotyledon. Ndikokwanira kungowona miyezo ya kuwunikira kuti mbewuyo isungebe mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa kwanthawi yayitali. Kudulira kapena kutsina kumatha kuchitika ngati mukufuna kupanga mitengo yaying'ono. Njirayi imapweteka pachomera.

Zindikirani! Pambuyo maluwa, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse ma peduncle opindika.

Kwa kanthawi, muyenera kuvomereza kusazindikira kwawo kuti phindu la chomera likhale labwino. Ma peduncles akatha kufota, amafunika kutsinidwa mosamala.

Feteleza

Popeza malo achilengedwe a cotyledon, ndi nthaka yake umphawi, kuwadyetsa siyofunikira. Chokoma ichi chimazolowera kusowa kwazakudya nthawi zonse ndipo chimazindikira kudyetsa ngati bonasi yowonjezerapo pakukula bwino komanso kukongola kwa maluwa. Chomeracho chimagwiritsa ntchito feteleza omwe amalandila pang'ono, chifukwa chake Ndikokwanira mchaka ndi chilimwe kuwonjezera zomwe zidapangidwa zokonzekera zokoma kamodzi pamwezi. Kuyambira Seputembala, kudyetsa kuyenera kuyimitsidwa.

Matenda ndi tizirombo, ndi momwe tingachitire nawo

Cotyledon imagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Atengeke kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa mealybug. Mutha kuchotsa tiziromboti pamanja pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu yonyowa pokhatira yomwe imathiridwa mowa kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo tikulimbikitsidwa ngati chomeracho chadwala ndi kangaude, tizilombo kapena nsabwe za m'masamba.

Chomera chikatulutsidwa kupita kumunda nthawi yachilimwe, pamakhala chiopsezo cha nkhono. Chidebe chokhala ndi cotyledone chiyenera kutetezedwa kuti chisakhudzidwe ndi nthaka yamaluwa ndi zomera zina. Kuvunda pamasamba ndi zotsatira za madzi kulowa pa iwo. Masamba abulauni ofiira ndi chifukwa choumitsa kwa nthawi yayitali kuchokera mumizu wopanda madzi okwanira. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kuwala, chomeracho chimatha kutambasula kwambiri.

Kukula pang'onopang'ono nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa chosowa zakudya. Masamba otsika a chomeracho akasanduka achikasu ndikugwa, palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa. Uku ndi kukalamba kwachilengedwe kwa mbewu. Mizu yovunda imatha kuchitika chifukwa chosefukira nthawi zonse.

Pamakalata. Kukula kokha ndi kumene kungapulumutse chomeracho, pomwe pamafunika kuchotsa magawo owonongeka, kutsuka mizu ndikuwathira potaziyamu permanganate. Njira yomweyi ithandizanso ngati mbewa yawonongeka.

Momwe mungasinthire chomera chokoma?

Cotyledone iyenera kuziikidwa pakufunika. Pamene rhizome yakula kwambiri ndipo yayamba kale kukhala yovuta. Kuika kwazomera zazing'ono pachaka kumafunika pokhapokha ngati masambawo akukwanira kuposa mphikawo. Ma cotyledon achikulire nthawi zambiri amafunika kumuika zaka 2-3 zilizonse. Cotyledon amaikidwa mu Marichi. Pambuyo kuthirira, nthaka ikanyowa.

Tulutsani mpira wadothi ndikusamutsa chidebe chatsopano. Miphika iyenera kukhala yopanda kanthu komanso yotakata ndi mabowo. Mu chidebe chatsopano, pansi pake pamadzaza ndi dothi lokulitsa kapena zinthu zina zadothi, ndipo nthaka yazakudya zokoma imayikidwa pamwamba.

Cotyledon ndi poyizoni. Zochita zilizonse zokhudzana ndikubzala ndikusamalira chomera zimachitika bwino ndi magolovesi. Ana ndi ziweto sayenera kupeza chomera.

Kubereka

Kwa cotyledon, kubereka ndibwino chimodzimodzi, mopanda thanzi komanso ndi mbewu. Mukamasankha njira yambewu, ndibwino kutsatira malangizo awa:

Konzani nthaka yowala. Chisakanizo cha nthaka yamasamba ndi mchenga kapena nthaka yokoma yokonzedwa bwino.
Poyamba, mbewu za cotyledon zimabzalidwa m'bokosi lathyathyathya kapena pallet, koma ndikofunikira kukhalapo kwa mabowo ngalande.
Wowonjezera kutentha amafunika mpweya wabwino tsiku lililonse ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kupopera mankhwala kuchokera kutsitsi labwino.
Mbande zidzawoneka masabata 1-3. Zomera zomwe zakula zimabzalidwa m'makontena ang'onoang'ono osiyana. Gawo lapansi limagwiritsidwanso ntchito chimodzimodzi ndi mbewu zazikulu.
Kutsirira pambuyo pake kwazomera zazing'ono kumachitika pang'ono popewa kupanga mizu yovunda.

Kufalitsa kwamasamba ndiyo njira yosavuta yopezera chomera chatsopano:

Poyambirira, ndikofunikira kudula cuttings kuchokera ku apical mphukira masentimita 8-10.Njirayi imalimbikitsidwa masika kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe.
Yanikani zopangira mlengalenga kwa maola 24. Malo odulidwayo ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi heteroauxin kapena makala osweka.
Tsiku lotsatira, muzu wa mchenga-peat gawo lapansi pansi pa polyethylene, nthawi ndi nthawi ikamauluka. Sungunulani nthaka mutangotsika. Kutentha kumakhala madigiri 20-22. Thirani nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi mpaka kuzika mizu.
Sakanizani cuttings ozika mizu mumiphika yosiyana, ndikupanga kuwala kowala bwino.

Malinga ndi chiwembu chomwecho, mutha kuberekanso ndi pepala lina. Cotyledon ndi chomera chokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Mukapatsa duwa chisamaliro choyenera ndi chisamaliro chake, limakhala mawu omveka bwino pakupanga danga lililonse.

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