Zimphona, zauzimu, zaku Canada ndi zina za cereus cacti. Chidule cha mitundu ndi malamulo a chisamaliro
Cereus (Cereus) - woimira banja la nkhadze, lotembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chilatini limatanthauza "kandulo ya sera". Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu 2500-3000 ya cereus cacti. Zomera zonse zimakhala ndi kufanana kwa morphological - tsinde lokhala ndi yowutsa mudyo komanso minga.
Zina mwazomera zakutchire zimathandizira kupanga ofesi yapadera komanso kununkhira kwapakhomo, kuyambira mita imodzi mpaka zingapo kutalika kwake mumiphika. Kupezeka kwa chidebe chokongola kuphatikiza malingaliro a wolima, kuchulukitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokoma, ndipo chipinda chidzasandulika.
Mitundu yotchuka ndi mitundu ya cacti ndi zithunzi zawo
Taganizirani za mitundu yotchuka ya zomera. Pachithunzichi mutha kuwona momwe cacti amawonekera.
Chimphona
Giant Cereus (Carnegia gigantea) - chimphona chenicheni cha banja la nkhadze, adakhala gawo la mbiriyakale yamakanema ngati "Western cactus" wodziwika m'makanema ambiri aku Western. Ku Arizona, chimphona cha cacti chimapanga nkhalango zonse ndipo chimadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha boma m'derali. Maonekedwe awo ndiwopatsa chidwi komanso ndiopadera kotero kuti Saguaro National Park imadzipereka kwa iwo.
Cactus amakula mpaka 20 m kutalika, amawoneka ngati mtengo. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, tsinde ndi nthambi zake ndizitali komanso zoonda, ngati zipilala. Tsinde la nthiti (thunthu) limakhala ndi nthiti 10-24 ndipo limatha kufikira m'mimba mwake masentimita 75. Kutalika kwa minga kumafika masentimita 7. Cactus imayamba kuphuka, imatha zaka 30-35 ndikutalika pafupifupi 2.0 m.
Kuphulika kwa usiku kumachitika mu Meyi-Juni. Maluwa - akulu, osakwatira, oyera, lalanje, achikaso, obiriwira kapena ofiira ofiira... Nthambi zoyamba, zomwe zimamera m'mbali mwa tsinde, zimangowonekera patangofika kutalika kwa 4-5 m komanso zaka 50-70.
Malangizo! Mizu imakhala yamphamvu mu chimphona chachikulu, mizu imalowa m'nthaka mpaka pafupifupi 1.5 m. Mitunduyi imagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso kotsika kwambiri. Zipatso zimadya.
Mwauzimu
Spiral (Cereus brasile) ndi mtundu wosowa wa cactus wokhala ndi tsinde lanyama ndikukula kozungulira, monga dzina limanenera. Mphukira imatha kukhala yozungulira, yopindika kapena yosanja. Minga zambiri zazifupi mpaka masentimita 2-3 zimapangidwa pa mphukira.Maluwa ochuluka, mchilimwe. Maluwawo ndi okongola komanso akulu, oyera ndi pinki.
Canada
Cereus canadensis (Cereus canadensis) ndi wamtali, wokhala ngati cactus wobadwira kumadzulo kwa United States wokhala ndi tsinde lobiriwira, lobiriwira. Mitundu imakhala yofiirira-bulauni. Amadziwika ndi maluwa ake akulu, nthawi zambiri onunkhira, oyera usiku. Chimodzi mwazikulu kwambiri m'banja la nkhadze. Kawirikawiri amakula m'nyumba zobiriwira komanso m'nyumba, mitunduyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe.
Azure
Cereus azure (Cereus azureus) - cactus amatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha mtundu wabuluu kapena wabuluu wobiriwira... Thunthu ndi lamphamvu, lalitali komanso lolimba. Maluwawo ndi oyera, ophimbidwa kapena osanjikizika modabwitsa, amafika masentimita 25, amakhala usiku, amakhala ndi fungo labwino. Zipatso zake zimakhala zofiira kapena zachikasu, nthawi zambiri zimadya, ndipo mbewu zake zimakhala zakuda. Mitundu yachilendo imeneyi imadziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa.
Peruvia
Cereus ya ku Peru (Cereus peruvianus) - chomerachi chimadabwitsa ndi maluwa onunkhira oyera onunkhira bwino komanso zipatso zokoma. Zipatso za Cereus zimatchedwanso maapulo a ku Peru kapena maapulo a m'chipululu. Chipatso chofewa, chotsekemera chimakhala ndi kukoma ndi zonunkhira kwa "cactus".
Madzi a Cactus amachepetsa shuga wamagazi ndi cholesterol, Amathandiza matenda ashuga, matenda oopsa, chifuwa cha chifuwa cha mphumu ndi chifuwa chachikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zithandizire kuchiritsa. Zosowa, zokongola, mitundu iyi ndi yabwino kulima m'nyumba. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwake, Cereus yaku Peru idakhala chomera chodziwika bwino komanso chodziwika bwino.
Amphamvu
Strong Cereus (Cereus validus) ndi shrub kapena mitundu ya mitengo mpaka 2 mita kutalika, komwe kumapezeka ku Argentina, Bolivia ndi Paraguay. Validus imagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana: kumadera ouma, nkhalango, kumapiri ndi mchere wamchere.
Imafikira kutalika kwa pafupifupi 2 mita (nthawi zina 7 mita kapena kupitilira apo). Amasiyanasiyana ndi tsinde lolunjika ndi nthambi zazing'ono zazing'ono mtundu wabuluu wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso wokhala ndi msana wautali. Pamwamba pa tsinde ndi nthiti, pali nthiti pafupifupi 7 (8) zotchulidwa.
Chiwerengero cha mphukira zotsekemera pambuyo pake ndi zidutswa 5-8, 5 mpaka 10 masentimita wandiweyani (mpaka 13 cm m'munsi) wa azitona wonyezimira kapena utoto wobiriwira. Maoleles ndi ochepa, ozungulira, osindikizira pang'ono. Mphukira yamtsempha imakhala yotuwa yachikasu, yolunjika, yolimba, mpaka 2 cm kutalika.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitsempha yapakati pa 2-3, ndi yayitali komanso imakhala yakuda. M'ngululu mpaka koyambirira kwa chilimwe, imatulutsa maluwa amodzi, akulu, opangidwa ndi ndodo, yoyera kapena yoyera mkati ndi mkati mofiira kunja, kutalika kwa 16.5-20 cm ndi 8cm masentimita.
Zowonjezera
Cereus repandus ndi cactus yayikulu, yowongoka, yopindika zokhala ndi ubweya wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso wabuluu, mpaka 10 mita kutalika mpaka 20 cm.Maluwa ausiku mpaka 15 cm amakhala otseguka usiku umodzi wokha. Chipatsochi, chotchedwa apulo ya ku Peru, sichikhala ndi minga, chofiirira-chofiyira mpaka chikaso, komanso mpaka 5 cm m'mimba mwake. Malinga ndi magwero ambiri, Cereus repandus ndi amodzi mwa mayina aziphuphu za ku Peru, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri yazomera.
Yamakaru
Cereus jamacaru amapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil, West Indies, ndi madera ena akuluakulu azilumba. Cactus iyi yafalikira kupitirira malire ake, m'malo onse anyengo kuchokera pagombe mpaka kuchipululu, ikumera m'nthaka yamiyala komanso yamchenga, komanso pamiyala, ndipo yasanduka chomera chowopsa.
Ndi kacactus kofanana ndi mtengo mpaka 12 mita kutalika. Tsinde ndilopindika, laling'ono, lokhala ndi nthiti - lili ndi nthiti 6 zobiriwira. Nthambi zambiri zokhala ndi minga zowopsya zimamangidwa m'mwamba, ndikupanga cholimba. Mitambo imakhala yachikasu wonyezimira, yofiira-bulauni m'munsi, 1.5 mpaka 20 cm kutalika.
Maluwawo ndi akulu komanso oyera ndi fungo lonunkhira, mpaka masentimita 20-25 m'mimba mwake... Amamasula madzulo ndipo amafota m'mawa, amasamba usiku. Zipatso za chomeracho zimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira kwambiri. Mnofu wa chipatso ndi wodyedwa, wonyezimira ndi timbewu tating'onoting'ono takuda.
Uruguay
Cereus uruguayanus (Cereus uruguayanus) ndi mtundu wa mapangidwe amtundu wofala, womwe umapezeka ku Uruguay kokha. Mtengo wa cactus wosatha, womwe umakula ngati candelabrum wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri, 5-15 m kutalika, pafupifupi 1.5 mita mwake. Thunthu ili ndi nthiti 4-5-6-8, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawanga akulu achikaso m'mbali, yokutidwa ndi zokutira utoto wabuluu.
Mitambo imakhala ngati singano, golide wachikaso kapena bulauni, mpaka 2 cm kutalikawopangidwa m'magulu. Malo omwe ali pamwamba pa chomeracho nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi minga yambiri, yayitali komanso yofalikira. Maluwawo ndi akulu, otuluka masana, otambalala, owoneka ngati ndodo, kutalika kwa 20 mpaka 30 cm mpaka 15 cm m'mimba mwake.
Magawo akunja a perianth ndi ofiira ofiira; magawo amkati ndi oyera, otakata komanso otupa. Masamba amakula msanga, kutuluka munthambi ngati njoka zazing'ono. Pakadutsa milungu iwiri, maluwa amatseguka, nthawi zonse usiku komanso nthawi imodzi.
Pakatikati pa tsiku lotsatira, maluwa onse amatseka ndikufota, komwe kumawoneka ngati njira yoteteza madzi a nkhadze. Maluwawo amatsatiridwa ndi zipatso zokoma zazikulu kukula kwa dzira la tsekwe zokhala ndi mnofu wosakhwima woyera wokhala ndi nthangala zakuda zakuda.
Serpentinus
Cereus serpentinus (Cereus serpentinus) - ikukula mwachangu shrub columnar cactizomwe nthawi zambiri zimamera m'magulu. Tsinde lake ndi la njoka, lakuda, lozungulira, lalitali mamita 3-6, mainchesi 2.5-5 masentimita.Pa tsinde, pali nthiti 10-17 zosalongosoka, mabwalo oyera ndi oyera pang'ono.
Minga ngati singano - kuyambira 9 mpaka 14 ofiira ofiira. Mitambo yachinyamata, yokhala ndi maupangiri akuda, kutalika kwa 10-30 mm. Zomera zokhwima zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa akulu, opangidwa ndi fanizo. Zimakhala zoyera ndimitundu yakunja yapinki, kutalika kwa 15 mpaka 20 cm (15 cm m'mimba mwake), zonunkhira kwambiri.
Zipatso za 4-6 masentimita, zamphongo, zofiira, zodyedwa, zopindika... Zipatso zikacha, minga imagwa. Ku Mexico, ndi umodzi mwamitundu yomwe imalimidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukongola kwa maluwa oyera omwe amatseguka usiku.
Malamulo osamalira chomera
Chisamaliro chachikulu
Cereus ndi wodzichepetsa, chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kusunga kunyumba. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chokonda kuwala chomwe chimafuna kuwala kochuluka, chimakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo chimalekerera nyengo yotentha bwino. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kupatsa chomeracho nthawi yonse yokwanira popanda kuyatsa kowala komanso kutentha pang'ono osapitirira 15 ° C. Kuthirira kumachitika pafupipafupi, kumawonjezera mphamvu mchilimwe. M'miyezi ya chilimwe, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi zina kumachitika kuti madzi azikhala okwanira m'matumba popanda kuthira madzi ambiri panthaka.
- Kutentha... Chomeracho chimapirira kutentha kwambiri (+ 25 ° C ndi kupitilira apo) komanso kutsika (+ 8 ° C). Nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kutsegula chipinda, sikofunikira kutulutsa chomeracho. M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzizizira nthawi yayitali kutentha kuyambira + 15 mpaka + 18 ° C.
- Kuthirira... Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala, kuthirira mbewu nthawi zonse kumakhala kofunika. M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho sichiyenera kuthiriridwa, chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa mizu. Kuthirira m'nyengo yozizira sikuloledwa kupitilira kamodzi mu miyezi 1.5 ndi madzi ofunda ochepa.
- Chinyezi... M'nyengo yotentha ya chilimwe, cereus imatha kupopera madzi ndi madzi otentha, kutentha kapena kuwabweretsa mpaka 40-50 ° C. Ndi bwino kupopera m'mawa, dzuwa lisanakhale lokwanira.
- Nthaka... Nthaka yonse ya cacti imakola nthaka yolumikizidwa ndi kusakanizikana kwa miyala yamiyala, miyala, makala. Gawo la nthaka liyenera kukhala ndi magawo awiri amtundu umodzi, magawo awiri a nthaka yamasamba, gawo limodzi la dongo ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga wolimba. Pansi pa mphikawo, pangani ngalande zazing'ono ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono.
Feteleza... Kukula bwino ndikukula kwa Cereus, kudya pafupipafupi pamwezi kumafunika, komwe kumachitika kuyambira Epulo mpaka Julayi. Manyowa amchere amchere amagwirira ntchito bwino izi (gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala omwe awonetsedwa phukusi). Ngati dothi ndilopatsa thanzi, ndikokwanira kuthira nthaka kamodzi pachaka.
- Nthawi yogona... Ndikofunikira kupatsa chomeracho nthawi yayitali m'nyengo yozizira, kusiya kuyang'anira: kuthirira ndi feteleza. Ikani phalalo pamalo ozizira, owala bwino, ndipo "muiwale" bwino chisanadze.
- Tumizani... Kufunika kwa kumuika kumachitika ngati chomeracho chitaya mawonekedwe ake okongola, kusinthasintha ndi utoto, monga lamulo, patatha zaka zingapo zokula mu gawo lomwelo.
Malangizo! Ndi bwino kubzala mbewu nthawi yomwe ikukula kwambiri mu Meyi-Juni kapena Ogasiti-Seputembara.
Cereus ndi odzichepetsa. Kuti cacti ikule bwino, ikule bwino, ndikuphuka, amafunika kupanga zinthu zofananira ndi malo achilengedwe: kutentha pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira, komanso kumapeto kwa masika ndi chilimwe. Izi sizovuta kuchita. Chifukwa cha chisamaliro chake chosavuta, chitetezo chokwanira cha tizirombo ndi mawonekedwe osowa, duwa likhala chokongoletsa choyenera kunyumba kwanu kapena kuofesi.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwonere kanema wonena za Cereus cacti: