Mzinda wakale wa Mira ku Turkey. Demre ndi Tchalitchi cha St. Nicholas

Mzinda wakale wa Demre Myra ungatchedwe ngale ya Turkey. Dera lapaderali, lomwe lasungira nyumba zakale kwambiri ndikuwonetsa mbiri yakale yadzikolo, mosakayikira limadziwika ndi apaulendo. Kuphatikiza apo, chipilala chachikhristu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri, Church of St. Nicholas, chili pano. Chifukwa chake, ngati mupita kutchuthi ku Turkey, onetsetsani kuti mwawonjezera Demre Miru pamndandanda wazomwe muyenera kuwona. Chabwino, ndi mzinda wamtundu wanji komanso momwe ungafikire kumeneko, zomwe zikuchokera m'nkhaniyi zikuwuzani.

Zina zambiri

Tawuni yaying'ono ya Demre yokhala ndi 471 sq. km ili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Turkey. Ili pa 150 km kuchokera ku Antalya ndi 157 km kuchokera ku Fethiye. Chiwerengero cha Demre sichipitilira anthu 26,000. Mtunda wake kuchokera kunyanja ya Mediterranean ndi 5 km. Mpaka 2005, mzindawu unkatchedwa Calais, ndipo masiku ano umatchedwa Mira, zomwe sizowona. Kupatula apo, Mira ndi mzinda wakale (kapena mabwinja okhaokha), womwe suli kutali ndi Demre.

Lero Demre ku Turkey ndi malo amakono okaona malo, komwe anthu amabwera makamaka mbiri ndi chidziwitso, osati tchuthi chakunyanja, ngakhale kuti apaulendo amatha kuphatikiza zochitika ziwirizi. Monga madera onse aku Mediterranean, malowa amadziwika ndi nyengo yotentha, kutentha kwa chilimwe kuyambira 30-40 ° C.

Demre ndi njira yapadera yophatikizira zitukuko zakale, malo owoneka bwino a m'mapiri komanso madzi amchere azure.

Antique Mira idakhala ngale yake, pomwe nyengo yabwino kwambiri mabasi ambiri amabwera tsiku lililonse, kusonkhanitsa alendo ochokera kumadera onse aku Turkey.

Mzinda wakale wadziko lapansi

Kodi nchifukwa ninji Myra wakale ku Turkey anali wapadera komanso wokongola? Kuti muyankhe funso ili, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe mbiri ya mzindawu ndikuwona zokopa zake.

Zolemba zakale

Pakadali pano, pali matembenuzidwe angapo amtundu wa dzina "Dziko". Choyambirira choyamba chimaganiza kuti dzina la mzindawo limachokera ku mawu oti "mure" kutanthauza utomoni womwe zonunkhira za tchalitchi zimapangidwira. Mtundu wachiwiri ukunena kuti dzinalo limalumikizidwa ndi chilankhulo chakale cha ku Lycian, komwe "dziko lapansi" limamasuliridwa kuti mzinda wadzuwa.

Ndizosatheka kutchula nthawi yeniyeni yomwe mzindawu udapangidwira, koma zimadziwika kuti kutchulidwa koyamba kwa Mir kudayamba m'zaka za zana la 4 BC. Ndiye inali gawo la dziko lolemera la Lycian ndipo ngakhale nthawi imodzi inali likulu lake. Munthawi imeneyi, mzindawu udamangidwa nyumba zapadera ,ulendo womwe uli wotchuka kwambiri masiku ano pakati pa alendo. Ndipo ngakhale nyumba zambiri zidawonongeka ndi chivomerezi m'zaka za zana lachiwiri AD, anthu aku Likiya adatha kuzikonzanso.

Panthaŵi yotchuka ya Ufumu wa Roma, Mgwirizano wa Lycian unagonjetsedwa ndi gulu lankhondo la Roma, ndipo chifukwa chake, madera ake adayamba kulamulidwa ndi Aroma. Atafika, Chikhristu chidayamba kufalikira kuno. Munali ku Mir pomwe Nicholas Wonderworker adayamba ulendo wake, yemwe m'zaka za zana lachinayi adakhala bishopu wamzindawo kwazaka zopitilira makumi anayi. Mwaulemu wake, tchalitchi cha St. Nicholas ku Demre chinamangidwa, chomwe lero aliyense akhoza kuyendera.

Mpaka zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi, Mira wakale adakhalabe mzinda wopambana wachiroma komanso malo achipembedzo, koma Aarabu posakhalitsa adalanda ndikugonjetsa malowa. Ndipo m'zaka za zana la 12, a Seljuks (anthu aku Turkic omwe pambuyo pake adasakanikirana ndi Ottoman aku Turkey) adabwera kuno nalanda madera aku Lycian, kuphatikiza Mira.

Zokopa ku Myra wakale

Mzinda wa Demre ku Turkey wapitidwa kuti akaone manda odziwika bwino aku Lycian komanso bwalo lamasewera lalikulu lomwe lili ku Mir. Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino chilichonse chomwe chimakopa.

Manda aku Lycian

Malo otsetsereka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa phiri lomwe lili ndi Demre ndi kwawo kwa manda odziwika a ku Lycian. Chinthucho ndi khoma lokhala ndi utali wopitilira 200 mita, womangidwa kuchokera kumiyala ya cyclopean, komwe kuli manda ambiri akale. Zina mwa izo zimamangidwa ngati nyumba, zina zimalowa mwala ndipo zimakhala ndi zitseko ndi mawindo. Manda ambiri ali ndi zaka zopitilira 2,000.

Anthu aku Likiya amakhulupirira kuti munthu akafa, amawulukira kutali kumwamba. Ndipo chifukwa chake, amakhulupirira kuti m'manda momwe mwayikidwako kuchokera padziko lapansi, mzimu umatha kupita kumwamba mwachangu. Monga mwalamulo, anthu olemekezeka komanso olemera adayikidwa m'manda pamwamba, ndipo manda a anthu osauka ku Lycia adakonzedwa pansipa. Mpaka pano, chipilalachi chimakhalabe ndi zolemba zakale zaku Lycian, tanthauzo la zambiri zomwe sizimadziwika.

Maseŵera

Pafupi ndi mandawo, pali nyumba ina yakale - bwalo lamasewera lachi Greek ndi Roma, lomwe lidamangidwa mchaka cha 4th AD. Aroma asanafike ku Lycia, Agiriki adalamulira m'derali ndipo ndi omwe adamanga nyumbayi. M'mbiri yake yonse, nyumbayi yawonongedwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe kangapo, ngati zivomezi kapena kusefukira kwamadzi, koma idamangidwanso nthawi zonse. Aroma atalanda boma, adasintha okha momwe amamangidwira, ndichifukwa chake masiku ano amawerengedwa Agiriki ndi Aroma.

Bwalo lamasewera lakonzedwa kuti likhale owonera 10 zikwi. M'nthawi zakale, pano panali zisudzo zazikulu ndi kumenya nkhondo. Nyumbayi yasunga zomveka bwino kwambiri kotero kuti ndikotheka kumva kunong'oneza kuchokera pa siteji. Lero, bwalo lamasewera lakhala lokopa kwambiri ku Mira wakale.

Zambiri zothandiza

1. Mutha kukaona mabwinja akale ku Mir tsiku lililonse kuyambira 9:00 mpaka 19:00.
2. Tikiti yolowera kudera lazovuta zakale imawononga $ 6.5 pa munthu aliyense.
3. Mtengo woyimika poyimikapo magalimoto pamalo okopa ndi $ 1.5.
4. Mzinda wakalewu uli 1.4 km kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Demre.

5. Mutha kufika pano ponyamula anthu - dolmus wokhazikika, kutsatira Demre-Mira, kapena taxi.
6. Pali malo ogulitsira achikumbutso, malo omwera ndi malo odyera pafupi ndi zokopa.
7. Mtengo wotsika wobwereka chipinda chamkati pakatikati pa mzindawu patsiku umasiyana pakati pa $ 40-45.

Mitengo patsamba ili ndi ya Marichi 2018.

Mpingo wa St. Nicholas Wonderworker

Nthawi kuchokera 300 mpaka 343. bishopu wamkulu wa Myra anali Woyera Nicholas, yemwe amatchedwanso Wonderworker kapena Pleasant. Choyambirira, amadziwika kuti ndi woyanjanitsira adani, woyang'anira anthu osalakwa, woteteza oyendetsa sitima ndi ana. Malinga ndi zolemba zakale, Nikolai the Wonderworker, yemwe kale amakhala mdera la Demre wamakono, adabweretsa mphatso mwachinsinsi kwa ana Khrisimasi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake adakhala chitsanzo cha Santa Claus tonsefe tikudziwa.

Pambuyo pa imfa yake, zotsalira za bishopu adayikidwa m'manda a Roma, omwe adayikidwa mu tchalitchi chomangidwanso kuti chisungidwe bwino. M'zaka za zana la 11, zotsalira zina zidabedwa ndi amalonda aku Italiya ndikupita nazo ku Italiya, koma sanathe kutenga zotsalira zonse. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, kachisiyo adapita mobisa mpaka mita yopitilira 4 ndipo adafukulidwa ndi akatswiri ofukula zakale zaka mazana angapo pambuyo pake.

Lero, aliyense wapaulendo amatha kulemekeza kukumbukira kwa Woyera poyendera Mpingo wa St. Nicholas Wonderworker ku Demre ku Turkey. Chokopa chofunikira kwambiri pa tchalitchichi ndi sarcophagus ya St. Nicholas, komwe zidutswa zake zidasungidwa kale, zomwe pambuyo pake zidasamutsidwa ku Museum of Antalya. Komanso mkachisi mutha kusilira zojambula zakale. Alendo omwe adakhalapo pano awona kuti tchalitchichi chasokonekera ndipo chikufunika kumangidwanso mwachangu. Koma pakadali pano funso loti kukonzanso likadali lotseguka.

• Tchalitchi cha St. Nicholas ku Demre ku Turkey chitha kuchezeredwa tsiku lililonse kuyambira 9:00 mpaka 19:00 nthawi yayitali. Kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi, malowa amatsegulidwa kuyambira 8:00 mpaka 17:00.
• Malipiro olowera kutchalitchi ndi $ 5. Ana ochepera zaka 12 amaloledwa kukhala aulere.

Pafupi ndi tchalitchi pali mashopu angapo komwe mungagule zithunzi, mitanda ndi zinthu zina.

Momwe mungafikire ku Demre kuchokera ku Antalya

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Ngati mwaganiza zopita ku Mira ku Turkey, mutachoka ku Antalya, ndiye kuti muli ndi njira ziwiri zokha kuti mufike mumzinda:

• Pa basi ya mtunda. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kubwera kubasi yayikulu ya Antalya (Otogar) ndikugula tikiti ku Demre. Nthawi yoyendera idzakhala pafupifupi maola awiri ndi theka. Basi ifika pokwerera mabasi ku Demre, pafupi ndi Tchalitchi cha St. Nicholas.
• Ndi galimoto yobwereka. Tsatirani msewu wa D 400 kuchokera ku Antalya, womwe ungakufikitseni komwe mukupita.

Ngati ulendo wodziyimira pawokha ku Mira suli mwayi wanu, ndiye kuti nthawi zonse mutha kupita kumzindawo limodzi ndiulendo wamagulu. Pafupifupi mabungwe onse oyenda amapereka Demre - Myra - Kekova, pomwe mumapita kumzinda wakale, tchalitchi komanso mabwinja a Kekova. Mtengo wa ulendowu udzawononga $ 50 kuchokera kwa owongolera hotelo, ndipo 15-20% yotsika mtengo kuposa mtengo uwu m'maofesi aku Turkey.

Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi

Kutulutsa

Mzinda wakale wa Demre Myra mosakayikira ndichimodzi mwazikumbutso zamtengo wapatali kwambiri ku Turkey. Zikhala zochititsa chidwi ngakhale kwa iwo omwe sanakhalepo ndi chidwi ndi nyumba zakale. Chifukwa chake, pokhala mdzikolo, tengani nthawi yanu ndikuyendera zovuta zapaderazi.

Kanema kuchokera paulendo wopita mumzinda wakale wa Mira.

Onerani kanemayo: St. Nicholas Church Myra, Demre Turkey (July 2024).